Abstract
Laboratory studies have been performed to demonstrate two key aspects of the performance of a continuous-flow diffusion chamber (CFD) instrument, designed to detect ice nuclei (IN) concentrations in air samples. In the first study, submicron particles containing AgI were mixed in a sample stream with submicron NaCl particles and the sample stream was processed in the CFD at -19°C and 23% supersaturation with respect to ice. Ice crystals nucleated in the CFD were detected optically at the instrument outlet, and were collected using a cascade impactor. Examination of the crystal residuals from upper impactor stages confirmed that only AgI particles served as IN in the mixed stream. The second study demonstrated the consistency between optically-measured crystal concentrations and collected residual particle concentrations from an ambient air sample. Energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of the elemental composition of selected particles from the IN and non-IN fractions in ambient air showed that Si and Ca were present in both, but P, S, Cl, and K were also detected in the non-IN fraction.
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