Abstract

Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) are the tiniest particle of iron metal with a large surface area and high reactivity. They are non-toxic. FeNPs have excellent dimensional stability and also possess high thermal and electrical conductivity, high surface area, and are highly magnetic. FeNPs can oxidize immediately when exposed to water or air and produces free Fe ions. There are numerous applications of FeNPs but the most promising one includes their role in drug delivery. Considerable attention is being paid to the utilization of computer-based and modeling optimization in fuel cell systems design. One advantage of this method is the positive effect on high cost and design cycle time savings, as well as its improved operation and design. The performance of optimum development depends primarily on the method by which the prototype is developed. It is crucial to identify the important factors and those that can be compromised without having an adverse effect on the design. Modeling is carried out to capture the designer’s interest aspects of the fuel cell system. A mathematical model that represents particular fuel cell system aspects and estimates its characteristics can be in a form of algebraic equations, differential equations, or a process or subroutine based on a computer. The model can involve various alternatives to the design that can be achieved by changing parameters, variables, constraints or conditions. The principle explained in the preceding step contributes to the basis for comparing the various alternatives to design.

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