Abstract
Aphis craccivora es una plaga mundial grave de la alubia ojo de perdiz y responsable del bajo rendimiento del cultivo. Los hongos entomopatógenos ofrecen alternativas ambientalmente respetuosas a pesticidas sintéticos convencionales. Se evaluó el potencial de Akanthomyces lecanii y Metarhizium anisopliae contra el pulgón negro de las leguminosas en laboratorio. Estos hongos se utilizaron en bioensayos de laboratorio: Se rociaron discos de papel con diferentes concentraciones de esporas de cada aislado, con hojas de judía como alimento para los insectos. Se observó y registró la mortalidad de los pulgones durante 10 días. La concentración de 1x10^8 conidios/ml fue suficientemente alta para causar mortalidad en todos los ensayos, mientras que en el control fue del 10%. Este estudio confirma el potencial de hongos autóctonos como agentes de control biológico contra estos pulgones, incluso a bajas concentraciones. Aphis craccivora is a serious pest of cowpea worldwide and responsible for low crop yields. Entomopathogenic fungi offer environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional synthetic pesticides. In the present study, the biological control potential of Akanthomyces lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae against cowpea aphid was evaluated under laboratory conditions. These fungi were used in the laboratory bioassays: Conidial suspensions with different concentrations of spores of each isolate were sprayed on filterpaper discs on which bean leaves were placed as food for the insects. Aphid mortality was observed and recorded for 10 days. The concentration of 1x10^8 conidia/ml was high enough to cause insect mortality in all the isolates tested while the control mortality was 10%. This study confirms the potential of using the indigenous fungi as biological control agents against the cowpea aphids even at low concentrations.
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