Abstract
Background: Providing fresh water suitable for drinking and farming and living organisms in the ecosystem is essential. To evaluate water quality, qualitative indicators are often employed for managing water resources and water quality protection and pollution abatement. Aim: This study evaluated the quality of Borkhar basin water resources using three different water quality indices, including National Institutes of Health Water Quality Index (NIHWQI) having nine parameters, the Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) having eight parameters, and the Canadian Water Quality Indices (CWQI) with 22 main parameters. Material and methods: Using data for a period of 30 years, NIHWQI, OWQI and CWQI were used. To analyze water quality of the entire basin for current and future time. New findings: Results showed that water quality of the basin was in a very moderate range according to NSFWQI, and was in a very bad range accordingly to OWQI. Water quality forecasts showed that future water quality would be bad, based on OWQI and moderate based on NSFWQI, whereas based on CWQI, it will be good for drinking, and bad for aquatic animals, recreation, irrigation, and livestock use.
Highlights
These days’ pollution and quality of water resources in developing countries have taken on an added significance (Wan et al 2016 and Lu et al 2015)
The values of NSFWQI and Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) showed that the water of lake was better in some months due to the dilution of pollutant concentration and the improvement of lake water quality due to increased weather in these months
Investigation of future water quality considering the effect of future climate change is important for sustainable water management
Summary
These days’ pollution and quality of water resources in developing countries have taken on an added significance (Wan et al 2016 and Lu et al 2015). Decreased DO concentrations in Middle East areas will have an effect on the period and intensity of algal blooms. Climate alteration is supposed to alter the availability, seasonality and changeability of flow in rivers These hydrological effects of climate alteration can influence on water quality of basins in Middle East areas. A review by Bucak et al (2018) indicated how lower flow in summer can cause rises in phosphorus concentrations and biological oxygen demand (BOD) and decline in DO concentrations in rivers which, in opportunity, may cause enhanced algal growth in Turkey. Another study in Syria analyzed the water quality (nutrient and dissolved oxygen concentrations) and understand that because of raised air temperature resulting from climate alteration and increased flows to meet future water demand, so water pollution is increased. Water quality forecasts showed that future water quality would be bad, based on OWQI and moderate based on NSFWQI, whereas based on CWQI, it will be good for drinking, and bad for aquatic animals, recreation, irrigation, and livestock use
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