Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) have been implicated in the aetiology of a variety of human cancers, including cervical, colorectal, and head and neck (HN); also, (HPVs) may be important risk factors for breast carcinogenesis and metastasis. Previous studies that evaluated the prevalence of HPVs in breast cancer have generated considerable controversy. Based on this hypothesis, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of HPV infection in invasive breast cancer tissues. Our study included 80 paraffin blocks taken from breast cancerous tissue specimens of Turkish female patients and 13 controls (cervical cancerous tissue specimens) in Research and Practice Hospital- Sahinbey -Gaziantep University, using PCR (HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant / Italy) to detect the HR-HPV DNA. In our results: HR-HPV DNA was evidenced in (10%) of the breast cancer and in (92.3%) of the controls (p < 0.05). HPV (45-56-68) were the most prevalent genotypes in breast cancer cases. Also HPV co-infection was high (75%) in positive breast cancerous samples. Our data propose Human papilloma viruses may play a role as a possible causal relationship, or mediation or even as a cofactor in the development of some types of breast cancer, this still needs to be confirmed by prospective studies.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women
The calibration curve is automatically plotted on the basis of these values, and human DNA and Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) DNA concentrations are calculated
To obtain the final result, HPV DNA concentration is normalized to the number of human genome equivalents according to the formula: 2.4
Summary
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women. It is estimated that 1.7 million new cases were diagnosed in 2012, representing 11.9% of all cancers diagnosed worldwide in both genders, and 25% of those diagnosed in women [1]. Analyses using Globocan 2012 data have reported that one out of every 25 women in Turkey will develop breast cancer in some period of their lives [2]. It is well-known that multiple risk factors are associated with breast cancer development, in most cases the initiating cause has not been identified. This has led to studies to identify new factors related to this neoplasia. Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are recognized as carcinogenic agents in breast cancer in humans [3]. The current published data on HPV and breast cancer are very contradictory, since the reported prevalence of HPV ranges from 0% to 86.21% in breast cancer tissue samples [1]
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