Abstract
In this paper an innovative spring-shaped fiber modulation (SSFM) based on bending loss characteristic of the optical fiber and spatial helical structure with simple construction and cheap cost was developed for linear displacement monitoring. The structure design and sensing principle of the light intensity with displacement variation were reported. The structural analysis, parameter selection and monitoring performance of the SSFM constructed with two kinds of host materials (nylon carbon fiber spring and spring steel) were investigated through theoretical analysis and laboratory tests. The results showed that the SSFM can be used to modulate the optical fiber loss, and the three equal-pitch coils SSFM made of steel spring material with an initial diameter of 15 mm, an initial pitch of 15 mm would be a good choice. It was characterized by a high linearity, low hysteresis of 4.47%, suitable sensitivity of 0.0202 dB/mm and measurement range of 30 mm, respectively. Additionally, the SSFM can be connected in series with other structures to fabricate a sensor for detection of subsurface properties with a larger measurement range and it has a good multiplexing capacity. The capability supports the promising prospect of the SSFM in civil engineering for deformation monitoring of fill slopes and foundation pits.
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