Investigating the impact of whitening toothpastes on bioactive resin-based restorative materials: a comparative analysis

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ObjectiveTo assess the color stability and surface roughness of bioactive resin-based composite following exposure to coffee staining and brushing with whitening toothpastes.MethodsDisk-shaped specimens of Filtek Z250 (FZ), Beautifil Flow Plus (BFP), Activa Presto (AP), and Fuji II LC (FII) were stained with coffee and then brushed with one of three toothpastes, conventional (C-TP), non-peroxide whitening (W-TP) or hydrogen peroxide-containing whitening toothpaste (HPW-TP) for 10 000 cycles. Changes in color (ΔE00) and surface roughness were measured.ResultsTwo-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between restorative material and toothpaste type in roughness (p = 0.049) and ΔE00 (p = 0.007). FII consistently had the highest surface roughness change across all toothpastes, and AP showed significantly higher value than BFP and FZ with C-TP and W-TP (p < 0.001). For color change, FII displayed significantly higher ΔE00 between baseline and staining, as well as between staining and post-brushing with every toothpaste (p < 0.001). All materials had clinically unacceptable ΔE00 ranging from 4.82 ± 1.72 to 11.15 ± 1.44 post-brushing compared to baseline with every toothpaste, with the lowest value observed in Fll with W-TP (p < 0.001). For individual color parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb), AP exhibited significantly greater ΔL changes between baseline and post-brushing compared to FZ, BFP, and FII (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed for Δa or Δb across materials at any measurement stage (p > 0.05). Additionally, the effect of toothpaste type on individual parameters, as well as the interaction between material and toothpaste type, was nonsignificant (p > 0.05).ConclusionAll materials tested showed increased roughness and unacceptable staining with none returning to baseline color or achieving acceptable color change post toothbrushing, irrespective of toothpaste type.Clinical significanceUnderstanding the effects of staining and whitening toothpastes on bioactive resin-based composites is important for optimizing material selection and maintenance protocols to ensure long-lasting esthetic outcomes in patients prone to staining.