Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of apple pomace silage as fodder source on performance and residues of its toxins in milk and some rumen fermentation in Mahabadi lactation goats in early lactation period. There was no significant difference within treatments apple pomace mixed silage had no effect on dairy goat’s average daily feed intake. There were no significant differences about pH changes between treatments. The protozoa population tended to decrease and ammonia nitrogen has increased significantly in different treatments (P≤0.05). According to the increase of volatile fatty acids production, the proportion of acetatenot differed even though that of Propionate and iso-butyrate increased but none significantly. The molar ratios of acetate and propionate and iso-butyratein the goats rumen containing apple pomace was differed in respect to the availability for fermentation by rumen microflora. In regard to this information, the inclusion of apple pomace silage in experimental goat’s diet was associated with a slight lower rumen pH, higher concentration of acetate and propionate and total volatile fatty acids in rumen. The potential value of byproducts in animal feeding and better dry matter and organic matter digestibilitydepends on their nutritive characteristics. But the livestock producers are responsible for ensuring that the animals and products that they market do not contain unacceptable chemical residues. Anyone intending to feed waste materials to ruminant animals such as cattle, sheep and goatsor to pigs must ensure that it is free of prohibited or restricted substances.
Highlights
Byproducts from the food industry can be utilized as feed for small ruminants such as goats and sheep to the benefit of both farmers and animals
The iso-caleric and iso-energetic dietary treatments were formulated according to the nutrition requirements for Sheep and Goats (NRC, 2007) guidelines by small ruminant nutrition system software (SRNS) version 1.9.4468 with constant amounts of dry alfalfa, corn silage, soybean meal, barley and apple pomac silage
As result revealed that there were no significant differences about pH changes between treatments
Summary
Byproducts from the food industry can be utilized as feed for small ruminants such as goats and sheep to the benefit of both farmers and animals. The residue left after extraction of the juice, called apple pomaceis the solid residue that remains after milling and pressing of apples for cider, apple juice or puree production It could be used as a livestock feed (Kafilzadeh et al, 2008). The dried apple pomace contains 7 percent crude protein and 5 percent ether extract It has 1.86 Mcal metabolizable energy per each kg DM and 1.12 Mcal net energy (NE)/kg DM for lactating dairy cows (NRC, 2001). The ensiled apple pomace,incorporated up to 30 percent in the diet oflactating multiparous Holstein cows, did not show any adverse effects on milk yield orits composition (Ghoreishi, Pirmohammadi and Yansari, 2007). Fayed (2016) conclude that replacement of berseem hay with apple pomac silage up to 50 percent in the diets of dairy goats could improve milk yield and composition without any adverse effect on their performance
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