Abstract
Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation is an open access journal, with focuses on neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation research, and coverage extending to other basic and clinical studies related to neuroscience.
Highlights
The gastrointestinal tract is involved in idiopathic parkinsonism (IP), which encompasses Parkinson’s disease, from the early symptom of constipation to shared histological findings between enteric nervous system and basal ganglia in established disease[1]
The search strategy was based on the “Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome” (PICO) framework: P = people with or without IP; I = any with respect to intestinal inflammation and barrier function; C = comparison of IP-status, and severity/ manifestations according to inflammation and barrier function; O = frequency of pathology according to disease-status, severity and manifestations
The second group included keywords relating to the four intestinal modalities, inflammation, permeability, integrity and bacterial translocation, and targets, markers and tests used to assess these
Summary
The gastrointestinal tract is involved in idiopathic parkinsonism (IP), which encompasses Parkinson’s disease, from the early symptom of constipation to shared histological findings between enteric nervous system and basal ganglia in established disease[1]. Two genetic risk factors for inflammation, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) risk alleles[5] and mutation in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2)[6,7] are shared between Crohn’s disease and IP. Many patients with inborn errors of immunity due to single gene defects suffer from chronic intestinal inflammation[10]. Genes which are defective in these rare disorders harbour IP-associated polymorphisms [e.g., interleukin (IL)-10, IL-10RA, IL-10RB][11]. These observations provide further support for the inflammatory aetiopathogenesis hypothesis of IP[1] and highlight the need for the present systematic review of intestinal inflammation and compromised barrier function therein
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