Interpretation of Well and Field Data in a Heterogeneous Layered Aquifer Setting, Appalachian Plateau

Abstract

ABSTRACTGround‐water flow systems in the Appalachian Plateau coalfield balance the conflicting controls of topographic relief and hydrostratigraphic layering. Appropriate use of field observations (springs, streams) and abundant domestic well information (water levels, pumping test results, records of yield, and water‐producing zones) helped resolve ambiguities about a typical system in Cambria County, Pennsylvania. The effective scale for hydrostratigraphic division is by sandstone‐dominated members as aquifers and intervening shale‐clay members as aquitards. The flow system is stratified in the intervalley ridges; heads, controlled primarily by the dissected aquifer outcrop, drop discretely to lower aquifers. Discrete ground‐water discharge and lateral head changes indicate local heterogeneity, enhanced by mine‐subsidence effects. The principal valleys carry a topographically controlled system, for which they serve as recharge feeders.