Interparental Conflict in Stepfather Families and Emerging Adults’ Mental Health and Aggression

A child is a person who is under the age of 18, or who has not yet reached the age of 18, including a child in the womb. In a marriage, the child born from the marriage must get his rights without the child asking. This research aims to find out the protection against the neglect of child custody due to divorce. The type of research used in this writing is normative law. The approach used is the statute approach and the conceptual approach. Based on this research, it shows that from the breakup of a marriage, there are legal consequences that follow, one of which is about the custody of the child born from the marriage. Child custody due to divorce falls into the hands of the mother, because the child is still under 12 years old. If the biological father or mother of the child does not want to take care of him, then the most entitled person to obtain custody of the child is the grandmother (the mother of the child's biological mother). If the grandmother (the mother of the child's biological mother) is not present or dies, then the custody of the children is transferred to the grandmother (the mother of the child's biological father). If the grandmother (mother of the child's biological father) is not present or has passed away, then the custody of the child is transferred to the uncle (brother or younger brother of the child's biological mother). If the uncle (brother or younger sister of the child's biological mother) is not present or has passed away, then the custody of the child is transferred to the uncle (brother or younger sister of the child's biological father).

Editor's evaluation: Investigating the relationship of COVID-19 related stress and media consumption with schizotypy, depression, and anxiety in cross-sectional surveys repeated throughout the pandemic in Germany and the UK

Decision letter: Investigating the relationship of COVID-19 related stress and media consumption with schizotypy, depression, and anxiety in cross-sectional surveys repeated throughout the pandemic in Germany and the UK

Although an increasing proportion of people in Ireland are living in stepfamilies, little research has explored the dynamics within these families. Drawing on data from the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study (9-year-old cohort), this paper aims to compare family processes within stepmother (n=89) and stepfather families (n=295). No stepfathers were primary caregivers to their stepchild(ren), whereas stepmothers tended to assume this role. Stepmothers were less romantically happy than either stepfathers or biological mothers in stepfather families and experienced more interparental conflict than stepfathers. They also had less close and more conflicted relationships with their stepchild(ren) than mothers in stepfather families. These findings are in line with previous research and point to the applicability of international research to stepfamilies in Ireland. The findings suggest that stepmother families may face particular challenges and may benefit from parenting and relationship support.

Policy Recommendations to Promote Integrated Mental Health Care for Children and Youth.

Research clearly demonstrates that parents pass risk for depression and antisocial behavior on to their children. However, most research confounds genetic and environmental mechanisms by studying genetically related individuals. Furthermore, most studies focus on either depression or antisocial behavior in parents or children, despite evidence of co-occurrence and shared etiology, and few consider the early origins of these problems in childhood. We estimated the influence of biological and adoptive mothers' depression and antisocial behavior on growth in child externalizing and internalizing behaviors across early childhood using data from a prospective adoption study. Participants were 346 matched triads of physically healthy children (196 boys; 150 girls), biological mothers (BM), and adoptive mothers (AM). Latent growth curve models were estimated using AM reports of child internalizing and externalizing behaviors at ages 18, 27, and 54months. Predictors of intercept (18months) but not slope were identified. BM lifetime histories of major depressive disorder predicted child externalizing behaviors and BM antisocial behavior predicted child internalizing behavior. AM depressive symptoms and antisocial behavior were associated with both child outcomes. AM paths, but not BM paths were partially replicated using adopted fathers' reports of child outcomes. BM obstetric complications, prenatal depressive symptoms, and postnatal adoptive family contact with BM did not account for BM paths. This adoption study distinguished risks conferred by biological mothers' depression and antisocial behavior to children's behaviors from those associated with adoptive mothers' related symptoms. Future studies should examine gene-environment interplay to explain the emergence of serious problem trajectories in later childhood.

Childhood trauma histories in men and women assessed by the childhood attachment and relational trauma screen (CARTS) and the global psychotrauma screen (GPS): Results from the global collaboration on traumatic stress (GC-TS)

Caregivers of patients in vegetative state and minimally conscious state play a crucial role in the process of taking care and, as previous studies reported, they can suffer of high burden and negative health outcomes. The aim of this national cross-sectional study was to assess whether physical and mental health of caregivers, considering gender differences, is related to the presence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, age and patient's disease duration. Four-hundred and eighteen caregivers, 294 women and 124 men, completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y, Beck Depression Inventory, second version and Short Form-12. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate to which extent depressive and anxiety symptoms predict physical and mental health. Men reported higher levels of mental health state, whereas physical health was not different across gender. High levels of anxiety symptoms were associated to negative mental health outcomes in both genders, whereas depressive symptoms were found to impact on female's mental and physical health only. A comprehensive and cost-effective screening of anxiety and depressive symptoms may help to identify determinants of health worsening in order to plan, when necessary, caregivers' support. Female caregivers of patients in vegetative state and minimally conscious state have poorer levels of mental health, whereas physical health is similar to men's. Anxiety symptoms are related to negative mental health outcomes in both male and female caregivers, whereas depressive symptoms are found to impact on female mental and physical health only. It is essential to consider and assess depressive and anxiety symptoms as they may contribute to caregivers' health worsening. This knowledge can lead to plan more comprehensive and tailored caregivers' supports and a better care for patients.

The experiences of parents of a child who received an initial diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined to determine the ways in which they may have encountered stigmatizing situations. Forty-eight parents of children aged six to 18 years were interviewed about their experiences leading up to their child's ADHD diagnosis, including their decisions to seek treatment. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Codes were identified using a constant comparative approach, which led to theoretically defined thematic constructs of stigma. Stigmatizing experiences were noted by 77% of the sample. Nearly half (N=21, 44%) were concerned about how society would label their child, 40% (N=19) felt social isolation and rejection, and 21% (N=10) perceived health care professionals and school personnel as being dismissive of their concerns. Parents' own attitudes about ADHD treatment were shaped by their exposure to negative media (N=10, 21%), their mistrust of medical assessments (N=8, 17%), and the influence of general public views (N=3, 6%). These stigmatizing views were related to parental concerns about the impact that diagnosis and treatment would have on their child's self-esteem and opportunities for future success. The range of ways in which parents in the study experienced stigma highlights the need for multiple perspectives for community outreach and public health programs that are aimed at addressing and eliminating mental health stigma. Even though stigma is a well-established barrier to mental health service use, the anticipated benefits of treatment may outweigh parents' experiences with stigma.

The present study was designed to gather information on how both mothers and fathers are impacted by their child’s feeding disorder as a precursor to the development of skills and support groups that are useful and relevant to both parents. Recent studies highlight that fathers play an important role in a child’s upbringing and both impact and are impacted by their child’s feeding disorder (Gueron-Sela et al., 2011; Piepenstock, 2010). Feeding disorders are treated systemically and therefore need to include both parents in the child’s treatment. This study used a quantitative, questionnaire based, independent groups design, where mother and father scores were compared on a range of variables identified as being relevant to feeding disorders. These included; anxiety, depression, loneliness, parenting stress and coping. A further aim of the study was to determine whether child and parent characteristics lead to different outcomes on the identified variables and therefore highlight which aspects need to be given greater weighting in potential group interventions. Thirty-six matched mother-father pairs completed the questionnaires in full. A series of calculations, Wilcoxon Rank Tests and regressions were conducted. Whilst mother scores were higher on each of the variables, it was of note that equal numbers of mothers and father scored above clinical cut-off for depressive symptoms (six of each), indicating that parental mental health should be addressed within support groups. A further finding was that a significant proportion of both mothers and fathers report feeling isolated when parenting a child with feeding disorders, this too should be addressed in groups, enabling communication within and between parent couples. This study highlighted the difficulty of both parents attending a weekday service; therefore perhaps innovative means of support could be offered, such as internet-groups facilitated by a clinician. Other findings of interest were that age of child and presence of developmental delay/Autism impacted on the severity of depressive symptoms and loneliness in both parents. It may therefore be useful to consider child age and presence of developmental delay when setting up skills and support groups. It is hoped that a parent skills and support group will be developed and trialled using information from this study.

When should we intervene in adolescent depression and with whom?

COVID-19 pandemic: what's next for public health?

Une etude des sels nutritifs dans l'ocean est menee sur deux plans. L'un, est la modelisation de leur regeneration et de leur melange entre les masses d'eau suivant des horizons isopycnaux ; l'autre est l'analyse et l'acquisition de nouvelles donnees. Un lien tres etroit entre les sels nutritifs et l'oxygene d'une part et l'activite biologique d'autre part, caracterise par les rapports biochimiques P/N/-O2 = 1/16/138, a ete defini par Redfield (1934) et Redfield et al. (1963). Tout recemment Takahashi et al. (1985) et Broecker et al. (1985) ont propose des valeurs differentes des rapports de P/N/-O2 = 1/17/175 pour l'ocean mondial. Cette suggestion est etudiee d'une facon critique. L'etude de ces rapports est menee a l'aide d'une analyse isopycnale detaillee, a plusieurs profondeurs de la colonne d'eau de mer : suivant 4 niveaux dans les oceans Atlantique et Indien et suivant 5 niveaux dans l'Ocean Pacifique. Les donnees TTO ont ete selectionnees pour l'etude du Bassin Nord Atlantique et les donnees Geosecs pour les autres domaines consideres. On montre que le rapport P/-O2 decroit systematiquement en fonction de la profondeur d'une valeur de 160-200 en surface a une valeur de l'ordre de 108-127 en profondeur. L rapport N/-O2, qui semble altere par la denitrification dans le Pacifique Nord et equatorial, est constant geographiquement et dans la colonne d'eau. Le rapport d'abondance N/P decroit systematiquement avec la profondeur dans tous les domaines explores. Ces resultats pourraient etre expliques par un recyclage plus lent et plus en profondeur du phosphore par rapport a celui de l'azote. L'analyse automatisee des sels nutritifs a ete amelioree par une saisie et un depouillement en ligne par microordinateur pendant le programme Indigo dans l'Ocean Indien. De nouvelles donnees ont ete obtenues, d'une reproductibilite meilleure que le pourcent pour les nitrates et la silice. Les donnees Indigo, apres calibration, sont tres coherentes avec les donnees Geosecs dans l'Ocean Indien et confirment les resultats de l'analyse isopycnale dans cet ocean. Dans le bassin de Somalie, ces donnees tracent une remontee locale d'eau avec un flux estime a 7. 5 10⁶ m3/s. Ce resultat est en bon accord avec les descriptions dynamiques des courants dans la region et avec les donnees de traceurs transitoires (freons).

ABSTRACTThis presentation will focus on the importance of addressing mental health in the overall response to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Emphasis will be placed on evidence based, integrated mental and behavioral health services in primary care clinics as an essential component of physical and mental health care. Community surveillance data collected by LSUHSC Department of Psychiatry in the fall of 2010 and one year post spill revealed increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress compared to national norms. Symptoms were higher for individuals directly impacted by the spill. The Mental and Behavioral Health Capacity Project (MBHCP), part of the Gulf Region Health Outreach Program (GRHOP), was developed across the four impacted states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida.In collaboration with the Primary Care Capacity Project (PCCP) and other GRHOP projects, it is designed to decrease disparities in care and develop an evidence-based system of integrated mental and behavioral health services within primary care clinics. In Louisiana, seven impacted parishes, culturally diverse and predominantly rural, were designated for services. Louisiana MBHCP (MBHCP-LA) is applying established principles of collaborative care combining on-site and telemedicine consultation, training, therapeutic services, and care management. It is working with PCCP to develop and utilize a technologically advanced telemedicine system to integrate mental and behavioral health into electronic health records to meet physical and mental health needs. Preliminary analysis of screening and follow-up data beginning in May 2013 from 303 clients who completed measures at intake into services indicates that integrating mental health services in primary care clinics resulted in significant decreases at follow-up in reported depression, generalized anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The data showed that the greater the decrease in reported depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms at follow-up, the greater the decrease in physical health symptoms. While the MBHCP-LA integration of mental and behavioral health in primary care clinics in parishes heavily impacted by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill has been in place for less than a year, the outcomes are promising in reducing both behavioral and physical health symptoms. The clinics are reporting greater comfort in addressing mental and behavioral health problems as well as more resilience by having mental and behavioral health partners. MBHCP-LA will continue to evaluate improvement in physical and mental health symptoms as well as resilience and quality of life by more fully addressing mental and behavioral health concerns.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between joint physical custody and children’s mental health, and tested whether interparental conflict moderated the association. Background: Joint physical custody is an emerging post-separation care arrangement that is expected to counter the negative effects of family dissolution on children’s overall well-being. There is, however, substantial disagreement about the impact that joint physical custody may have on children’s mental health when interparental conflict is high. Method: The statistical analysis was based on data from the Family Models in Germany (FAMOD) study, which was conducted in 2019. The analytical sample consisted of 1,087 post-separation families practicing either sole physical custody or joint physical custody. Linear regression models were estimated to determine the relationship between physical custody arrangements, interparental conflict, and children’s mental health problems. Results: Living in a joint physical custody arrangement was positively related to children's mental health, whereas high levels of interparental conflict were negatively related to children's mental health. However, when levels of interparental conflict were high children in joint physical custody arrangements displayed levels of mental health problems that were quite similar to those of children in sole physical custody arrangements. Conclusion: The findings emphasize that joint physical custody is not a "one-size-fits-all model" that is suitable for all post-separation families, and that it is only beneficial for children's mental health when interparental conflict is low.