International Cancer Burden Analysis 2020-2024: GLOBOCAN-Derived Estimates of Incidence and Mortality for 30 Malignancies in 190 Geographic Regions

Abstract

Listen

Translate article

Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, with significant disparities in incidence and mortality across regions. This study analyzes the global cancer burden from 2020 to 2024, using GLOBOCAN-derived estimates for 30 malignancies across 190 geographic regions. The focus is on Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios (MIR) as a key indicator of cancer outcomes and their socioeconomic determinants. Data from GLOBOCAN 2020-2024 were analyzed to estimate cancer incidence, mortality, and MIR across regions categorized by Human Development Index (HDI). Socioeconomic indicators, including healthcare spending, education index, and GDP per capita, were examined for their correlation with cancer outcomes. Statistical analyses included correlation coefficients, regional comparisons, and HDI-stratified analyses. The analysis revealed stark disparities in MIR across HDI categories, with Very High HDI regions exhibiting the lowest MIR (0.33) and Low HDI regions the highest (0.84). Healthcare spending showed a strong inverse correlation with MIR (-0.392), while education levels demonstrated the strongest association with improved cancer outcomes (-0.794 correlation with MIR). Regional analysis highlighted Sub-Saharan Africa and Central Asia as having the highest MIR values, reflecting limited healthcare access and resources. In contrast, Western Europe and Northern America reported the lowest MIR, underscoring the benefits of robust healthcare systems and early detection programs. Among the 30 malignancies analyzed, lung, breast, and colorectal cancers showed the greatest disparities in outcomes between regions. Inconclusions, this study highlights the critical role of socioeconomic factors in shaping global cancer outcomes. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address disparities in cancer care, particularly in low-resource settings. By providing a comprehensive analysis of MIR and its determinants, this research offers valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare providers aiming to reduce the global cancer burden and improve outcomes worldwide.