Interlingual influences and foreign borrowings in English transport terminology

Abstract

The article considers the interlingual influences and foreign borrowings in English transport terminology. In this analysis the author proceeds from the guideline that nowadays the world is experiencing the latest transport technologies, devices, parts that require terminological nomination and fixation in the lexicon of this field of knowledge. It is distinguished, that most terms of the transport sphere are complex two-component terms consisting of two noun bases (unstable complex word). Terms of the transport sphere are characterized by a non-fixed way of creation, almost no basic composition and compression, but common conversion and abbreviation. It is found out, that the set of terms of the transport sphere is a terminological system that is in the process of its formation, as its terminological fund is undergoing constant transformation processes. The vast majority of English terms were borrowed and only 3% can be considered new (newly created) terms, the acquisition of foreign words is a natural process of language development. The nature of borrowing of terms shows that the terminology of the transport sector was formed as a result of restructuring of terminology, which developed over a long period as the accumulation of theory in this field of knowledge, based on combining concepts of a wide range of economic, technical, mathematical and legal sciences. The relative structure and orderliness of this terminological system is also evidenced by the presence of logically interconnected terminological fields, microfields and nests in a certain hierarchy. As the research material showed, the English terminology of the transport sphere is characterized by the conversion functioning of nouns and verbs, that is the functioning of the same terms both in the function of nouns and in the function of verbs. Other types of conversion formations are quite rare. Analysis of the structural types of terms that serve as the basis for conversion terms has shown that these are mainly root non-derivative bases. However, transport terms can also function as different parts of speech. Among such terms suffixal, prefixal, prefixal-suffixal, complex words, postverbal bases are noted.