Interaction of ACTN3 gene polymorphism and muscle imbalance effects on kinematic efficiency in combat sports athletes

Hansang Jung,Sok Park,Namju Lee

doi:10.20463/jenb.2016.06.20.2.1

Hansang Jung, Sok Park + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.20463/jenb.2016.06.20.2.1

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Abstract

[Purpose]The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction of ACTN3 gene polymorphism and muscle imbalance effects on kinematic efficiency changes in combat sports athletes.[Methods]Six types of combat sports athletes (Judo, Taekwondo, boxing, kendo, wrestling, and Korean Ssi-reum) participated in the study. ATCN3 gene polymorphism and muscle imbalance in lower extremity were evaluated followed by analysis of differences of moment in hip, knee, and ankle joint during V-cut jumping and stop. To examine the moment difference due to an interaction of ATCN3 polymorphism and muscle imbalance, all participants were divided into 4 groups (R+MB, R+MIB, X+MB, and X+MIB).[Results]There was no significant difference of hip, knee, and ankle joint moment in R allele and X allele during V-cut jumping and stop based on ACTN3 gene polymorphism. Otherwise, muscle imbalance of knee moment in X-axis and ground reaction force of knee in Z-axis showed a higher significance in muscle imbalance during V-cut jumping and stop compared to muscle balance (p<0.05). In addition, joint analysis showed that muscle imbalance in X allele group had significantly higher knee moment of V-cut ground reaction force in X-axis and higher ankle moment of jumping ground reaction force in X and Z-axis compared to muscle balance with R and/or X group (p <0.05).[Conclusion]This study confirmed that muscle imbalance in lower extremity of combat athletes might induce higher risk factors of sports injury incidence than genetic factor and training might reduce the ratio of sports injury risk incidence.

Highlights

Combat as a type of contact sport in athletes should mainly consider connecting movement skills for quick technique due to its characteristics, which results in a higher expected risk of sports injury especially to joint areas[1,2]
There was no significant difference of R allele and X allele in muscle imbalance trend based on ACTN3 gene polymorphism (Table 3)
Kinematic efficacy difference based on ACTN3 gene polymorphism indicated lower mean values of knee moment of X, Y, and Z in X allele group during V-cut compared to R allele group; otherwise, knee moment of X, Y, and Z in X allele group showed higher mean values during jumping compared to R allele group

Summary

Introduction

Combat as a type of contact sport in athletes should mainly consider connecting movement skills for quick technique due to its characteristics, which results in a higher expected risk of sports injury especially to joint areas[1,2]. 52 genotypes that highly contribute to functions for best performance in elite athletes are reported and gene polymorphism mainly controls the sensitivity difference of the individuals due to human body structure and function[7]. This phenomenon induces latent response of the genetic factors following training and leads human body changes and development at the molecular level[8]. Previous studies reported that ATCN3 greatly contributes to ACTN3 R allele for quickening muscle contraction speed and this might affect performance capacity enhancement and physical fitness in elite athletes; ACTN3 R allele is expected to have a negative effect on decelerating movement with fast acceleration of the muscle contraction such as a quick direction change and control. Lower extremity joint efficacy induced by muscle imbalance, a known injury incidence factor, has not been fully discussed previously

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