Abstract
To treat the electrostatic effect of the solvent and mobile ions on a biomolecule solute, it is necessary to have a collection of approximate methods and to choose the particular method according to the available computer resources and the complexity of the system being modeled. In the present paper, calculation of the solvation energy, the solvation forces, and the interactions with mobile ions are considered, and three fast approximate methods are introduced. The first one is the thin ion layer (TIL) approximation, which approximates the real profile of the mobile ion charge density by a hypothetical set of surface-charge ions condensed on a particular surface around the biomolecule solute
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