Abstract
This paper proposes a multi-objective model predictive control (MPC) designed for the power management of a multi-stack fuel cell (FC) system integrated into a renewable sources-based microgrid. The main advantage of MPC is the fact that it allows the current timeslot to be optimized while taking future timeslots into account. The multi-objective function solves the problem related to the power dispatch at time that includes criteria to reduce the multi-stack FC degradation, operating and maintenance costs, as well as hydrogen consumption. Regarding the scientific literature, the novelty of this paper lies in the proposal of a generalized MPC controller for a multi-stack FC that can be used independently of the number of stacks that make it up. Although all the stacks that make up the modular FC system are identical, their levels of degradation, in general, will not be. Thus, over time, each stack can present a different behavior. Therefore, the power control strategy cannot be based on an equal distribution according to the nominal power of each stack. On the contrary, the control algorithm should take advantage of the characteristics of the multi-stack FC concept, distributing operation across all the stacks regarding their capacity to produce power/energy, and optimizing the overall performance.
Highlights
The beginning of a new decade is always expected as a period of new challenges and opportunities, but the period 2020–2030 has started with global problems that directly and seriously affect humanity.There are many voices that warn about current and future climate change impacts on human health, and how our societies can lessen those adverse impacts through adaptation strategies and by reducing greenhouse gas emissions [1]
To analyze the effectiveness of the proposed model predictive control (MPC) controller in terms of extending the stack lifespan, minimizing hydrogen consumption, and reducing costs, according to the multi-objective, the multi-stack configuration was compared with two other fuel cell (FC) systems
Controller has solved the problem related to the power dispatch to the microgrid while including criteria to reduce the multi-stack FC degradation, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, as well as hydrogen consumption
Summary
There are many voices that warn about current and future climate change impacts on human health, and how our societies can lessen those adverse impacts through adaptation strategies and by reducing greenhouse gas emissions [1]. In this sense, governments from different parts of the world and with different political ideology, agree on the need for a worldwide effort during this decade to offset the fossil fuel depletion and reduce the greenhouse gas emission. The global population has started the current decade facing a human health threat and must end the decade by solving the challenges of climate change
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