Integrated weed control in soybean crops in different methods of main tillage and no-till technologies in the conditions of law

Abstract

Goal. Study of the peculiarities of the formation of the weed component of soybean agrocenoses, development and implementation of an integrated weed control system for different methods of basic cultivation of gray forest soil and no-till technology in short-rotation crop rotation in the Right Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods. Results. Analysis of the peculiarities of weed formation of soybean agrocenoses with shelf, shelfless main tillage and no-till technology in short-rotation crop rotation showed that in all areas of the experiment dominated (74-89% of the total) perennial dicotyledonous weeds: white quinoa album L.), rough mustard (Polygonum scabrum Moench), common butterbur (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), small-flowered galigsoga (Gallipsoga parviflora Cav.). The highest weed control rates were observed with the application of Galaxy Ultra (2.5 l / ha) in combination with Miura graminicide (1.0 l / ha) - 90-92%. The maximum level of soybean yield was set for shelf tillage and application of herbicides - 2.49-2.53 t / ha, against the background of shelfless tillage and notill technology, this figure decreased by 14 and 11%, respectively. Conclusions. The application of chemical protection under the conditions of shelf tillage provided weed control at the level of 90.4-92.0%, for non-shelf tillage - 89.7-90.7%, and for no-till technology - 90.7-91, 0%. Before the soybean harvest, the wet weight of weeds in the control plots was 1326-1690 g / m2, the largest weight of which was observed by no-till technology. The application of herbicides resulted in a 89-92% reduction in raw weed relative to control. The highest level of soybean yield was observed in the options for shelf plowing (20-22 cm) - 2.49-2.53 t / ha, which is 45.6-48.0% more than in the control. Application of herbicides on the background of shelfless cultivation (disking on 10-12 cm) contributed to the formation of soybean grain yield in the range of 2.14-2.17 t / ha, by no-till technology - 2.22-2.25 t / ha, which respectively 39.9-41.8% and 40.5-42.4% more than in areas without chemical weeding.