Abstract
The paper presents the first part of a research project concerning the creation of 3D terrain models useful to understand landslide movements. Thus, it illustrates the creation process of a multi-source high-resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) in very dense vegetated areas obtained by integrating 3D data coming from three sources, starting from long and medium-range Terrestrial Laser Scanner up to a Backpack Indoor Mobile Mapping System. The point clouds are georeferenced by means of RKT GNSS points and automatically filtered using a Cloth Simulation Filter algorithm to separate points belonging to the ground. Those points are interpolated to produce the DTMs which are then mosaicked to obtain a unique multi-resolution DTM that plays a crucial role in the detection and identification of specific geological features otherwise visible. Standard deviation of residuals of the DTM varies from 0.105 m to 0.176 m for Z coordinate, from 0.065 m to 0.300 m for X and from 0.034 m to 0.175 m for Y. The area under investigation belongs to the Municipality of Piuro (SO) and includes both the town and surrounding valley. It was affected by a dramatic landslide in 1618 that destroyed the entire village. Numerous challenges have been faced, caused both by the characteristics of the area and the processed data. The complexity of the case study turns out to be an excellent test bench for the employed technologies, providing the opportunity to precisely identify the needed direction to obtain future promising results.
Highlights
Since some specific sites are considered strategic for a proper and complete interpretation of the landslide event in the area under investigation, they are surveyed with Laser Scanner (LS) techniques at a very high resolution (5 mm to 40 mm), in accordance with the other partners involved in the project
By progressively removing the recognizable volumes from the Digital Terrain Model (DTM), a series of derived DTMs corresponding to specific historical periods will be produced, up to hypothesizing how the territory was before the 1618 landslide
The 0.10 m DTM obtained by processing Leica RTC360 Point Clouds (PCs) related to the Belfort archaeological site is reported in Figure 14 and compared to the same area visible on the Comparison theas details on value the DTMs withcomes different resolutions
Summary
Digital mapping of the territory and its related phenomena has become a fundamental requirement in order to keep track of all the alterations in the surveyed environment. Consideration should be given to the prediction, detection, and monitoring of those events most responsible for the hydrogeological risk [8,9], such as landslides [1,4,10,11], floods [6,12,13], active tectonics [14,15,16], and bank erosion phenomena [1,17] In this framework, a complete representation of the area under investigation by means of Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) allows for simulating the events and . Based on the presented analyses and surveys, the crucial role of high-resolution DTMs in detecting geomorphological features and producing geomorphological maps clearly arises They allow for obtaining results that are otherwise unachievable with coarser models [35], including very large areas in considerably less time than traditional surveying methods. The necessity to complete the acquisition with ad-hoc surveys arises, creating multi-scale and multi-resolution models in order to obtain the required level of detail wherever necessary
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