Abstract
AbstractIn this study, injectable pastes based on a clinically-tested bioactive glass and glycerol (used as organic carrier) were produced and characterized for further application in regenerative medicine. The paste preparation route, apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, viscoelastic behavior and structural features revealed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were presented and discussed, also on the basis of the major experimental data obtained in previous studies. A mechanism illustrating the chemical interaction between bioactive glass and glycerol was proposed to support the bioactivity mechanism of injectable pastes. Then, the results of In vivo tests, conducted through injecting moldable paste into osseous defects made in rabbit’s femur, were reported. Animal studies revealed good osteoconductivity and bone bonding that occurred initially at the interface between the glass and the host bone, and further supported the suitability of these bioactive glass pastes in bone regenerative medicine.
Highlights
Glasses are definitely the most universal and essential materials made by humankind since the early stages of civilization
The paste preparation route, apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, viscoelastic behavior and structural features revealed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were presented and discussed, on the basis of the major experimental data obtained in previous studies
In order to optimize the body’s response according to the specific clinical applications, the first 45S5 Bioglass and other types of bioactive glasses/glass-ceramics were initially used in the form of small cast solid pieces mainly for (a) treating conductive hearing losses in middle ear surgery and (b) replacement of tooth roots after being inserted into fresh tooth extraction sites in dentistry [6]
Summary
Glasses are definitely the most universal and essential materials made by humankind since the early stages of civilization. The most common applications of bioactive glasses in the form of inorganic silica-based melt-derived compositions are based on particulates mainly as bone graft substitute in dentistry and orthopedics [7,8,9,10]. The first commercially developed 45S5 Bioglass particulate (particle size 90–710 μm) under the trade name of PerioGlas was applied for repairing interproximal bone defects in dentistry [9,10,11,12]. Biogran is a restorable material that has the same composition of 45S5 glass particulates with size distribution in the range of 300–360 μm and was found to be effective in treatment periodontal defects and extraction sites [6, 13, 14]
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