Abstract
This study assessed the inhibitory effects of the pod extract of Acacia nilotica against some pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococccus pyogenes). Fresh pods of Acacia nilotica were air-dried and then ground into fine powder. Thereafter, pod powder was extracted using ethanol and distilled water in the ratio 3 to 2 (v/v). The crude extract was concentrated in vacuo and lyophilized. Afterwards, screened for phytochemicals and tested for antibacterial activity against the bacterial isolates. Antibacterial potential, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the extract were determined using standard microbiological method. Zone of inhibition shown by the crude extract at 50 mg/mL on the isolates ranged between 10 mm and 18 mm while MIC ranged between 1.56 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL. Minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged between 3.13 mg/mL and 50.00 mg/mL. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides. This study, therefore, showed that pod extract of Acacia nilotica exhibited appreciable inhibitory effects on the test isolates. Hence, there is need for in vivo studies to complement the present findings.
Highlights
Medicinal plants have been used as traditional treatments for numerous human diseases for thousands of years and in many parts of the world (Pavithra et al, 2010)
There has been a paucity of information on the antibacterial activities of pod extract of Acacia nilotica against the pathogenic bacteria commonly implicated in some human infection
Isolated pathogens were collected from culture collections of Department of Microbiology, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria while the typed strains were obtained from National Collection of Industrial Bacteria (NCIB), Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
Summary
Medicinal plants have been used as traditional treatments for numerous human diseases for thousands of years and in many parts of the world (Pavithra et al, 2010). Acacia nilotica (Family Fabaceae) is a pioneer species, relatively high in bioactive compound and are important for a variety of functions (Abdulhamid et al, 2019) It is used as medicinal plants in parts of Northern Nigeria, West Africa, North Africa and other parts of the world (Gurib-Fakim et al., 2010). The plant is used to treat infections such as diarrhea, dysentery, oxidative stress, intestinal pains, ulcer, cold, hemorrhages, tuberculosis, congestion, coughs and fever in Nigeria (Aliyu, 2006; Saini et al, 2008). It is economically used as a source of tannins, gums, timber, fuel and fodder. This present study was designed, to investigate the inhibitory effects of pod extract of Acacia nilotica on some pathogenic bacteria
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