Abstract
A two-phase flow Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is employed for both spilling and plunging breaking wave simulations. A numerical wave tank is built to evaluate the performance of two different free surface modelling approaches (i.e., continuous free surface conditions and free surface jump conditions) and three k−ω SST turbulence models (i.e., the original k−ω SST, the buoyancy modified k−ω SST and the free surface k−ω SST (a newly proposed model)). The influences of the free surface modelling approaches and the turbulence models are investigated by comparing with the published experimental measurements in terms of breaking point, free surface elevations, time-averaged velocity field, time-averaged turbulent kinetic energy and general turbulent behaviour, respectively. Overall, the free surface k−ω SST with the free surface jump conditions performs best in terms of the accuracy of the predictions against the experimental data and the capture of the physical breaking phenomena, for instance, the trapped air pocket and the development of the free surface in the surf zone.
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