Abstract
Waste from pneumatic wheels is one of the major environmental problems, and the scientific community is looking for methods to recycle this type of waste. In this paper, ground tire rubber particles (GTR) from disused tires have been mixed with samples of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and morphological tests have been performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as the dynamic electric analysis (DEA) dielectric characterization technique using impedance spectroscopy. From this experience, how GTR reinforcement influences polyethylene and what influence GTR particles have on the branched polyethylene has been detected. For pure LDPE samples, a Debye-type dielectric behavior is observed with an imperfect semicircle, which depends on the temperature, as it shows differences for the samples at 30 °C and 120 °C, unlike the HDPE samples, which do not show such a trend. The behavior in samples with Debye behavior is like an almost perfect dipole and is due to the crystalline behavior of polyethylene at high temperature and without any reinforcement. These have been obtained evidence that for branched PE (LPDE) the Maxwell Wagner Sillars (MWS) effect is highly remarkable and that this happens due to the intrachain polarization effect combined with MWS. This means that the permittivity and conductivity at LDPE/50%GTR are high than LDPE/70%GTR. However, it does not always occur that way with HDPE composites in which HDPE/70%GTR has the highest values of permittivity and conductivity, due to the presence of conductive fraction (Carbon Black-30%) in the GTR particles and their dielectric behavior.
Highlights
A highlight is a homogeneity in the reinforcement of the particles in the composite, since as seen in Figure 2b this reinforcement appears with a good dispersion throughout the sample, which is important to verify that there has been no accumulation of differentiated phase, with little integration in the polymer matrix as spaces between the particles and the reinforcement are observed, results that are common in these types of composites [23]
A highlight is a homogeneity in the reinforcement of the particles in the composite, since as seen in Figure 2b this reinforcement appears with a good dispersion throughout the sample, which is important to verify that there has been no accumulation of particles throughout the manufacturing process of the samples
In the observe how the most conductive compounds are those of 50% ground tire rubber particles (GTR) and not those of 70%, compounds of both low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/GTR and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/GTR, there are almost no significant changes, this could be contradictory since with the presence of Carbon Black in this GTR should for the frequency that analyzes of 50 Hz, this is since for this frequency the polarization not be so, but the phenomenon of interfacial polarization, contributes to the increase of phenomena that mainly affect dipolar structures such as molecules, the changes in conconductivity, and that is why in the compounds of 50% of GTR the compounds, for both ductivity are not very relevant
Summary
This manuscript includes an analysis from low-density and high-density structures, within the same polymer (Polyethylene), and how the particles reinforcement (GTR particles) has affected the structural and dielectric levels is examined Comparative studies of this type are unprecedented in the case of polyethylene, so the comparison presented in this manuscript helps to understand how it has affected the tire particles on two structures with different degrees of branched and density. A and s whic level, the changes that produce the GTR amounts in different branching degrees, especially ranges of values between and and which may depend on the temperature, in permittivity and conductivity to understand the dielectric changes studied and to the am of dielectric. GTR with no metals and textile has been supplied by Pneumatics Maials and micronized and separated by sieving in a research laboratory in a
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