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Abstract
In the medical field the additive manufacturing process by fused deposition modeling has gained a great importance given the ability to create complex, organic geometries, in a short time period and the possibility of high customization. By fused deposition process the part is created layer by layer and the resulting part is characterized by high anisotropy, dictated mostly by printing parameters. To alleviate the anisotropy and to study the mechanical behavior of the 3D printed parts thermal processing is used. The materials used as filament is a poly (lactic acid) with copper particles embedded for antibacterial purposes. Samples were 3D printed using a commercial printer, thermally processed and tested in compression. On the failed specimens fracture investigations were performed to understand mechanical behavior during compression. The mechanical characteristics showed improvement and the anisotropy decreased as the processing temperature increased, but the samples became brittle. The mechanical behavior changed drastically on the thermally processed samples because of structural changes: a discontinuity between exterior layers and infill layers was created post layer fusion, the first region being the one stressed and failed first during tests.
Highlights
IntroductionAdditive manufacturing is a process in which parts are created by the addition of successive layers of materials making possible the manufacture of structures with complex geometries, high customization of products and simultaneously reducing material waste [1,2,3].This process is currently included in fields such as automotive, aerospace and especially medical and bio-engineering given that most parts are of complex geometry and require a high degree of customization [3, 4].The most used additive manufacturing process is the fused deposition modeling where a filament (made of a thermoplastic polymer, metal or alloy) is extruded from a heated nozzle and deposited, on a predetermined path, layer by layer, to create the required part.In medical field of wide use is the poly (lactic acid) (PLA), a thermoplastic polymer with characteristics similar to those of petroleum based ones [5], that can be used for various applications with the advantage that it is biodegradable
The variation of the results presented above can be explained by changes that occur in the material during thermal processing, in Figure 12 aspects from the surface of the tested samples obtained using a stereo-microscope are shown
In this study it was aimed to see how thermal processing of 3D printed parts made of antibacterial poly-lactic acid (PLA) composites would alter the mechanical behavior and properties
Summary
Additive manufacturing is a process in which parts are created by the addition of successive layers of materials making possible the manufacture of structures with complex geometries, high customization of products and simultaneously reducing material waste [1,2,3].This process is currently included in fields such as automotive, aerospace and especially medical and bio-engineering given that most parts are of complex geometry and require a high degree of customization [3, 4].The most used additive manufacturing process is the fused deposition modeling where a filament (made of a thermoplastic polymer, metal or alloy) is extruded from a heated nozzle and deposited, on a predetermined path, layer by layer, to create the required part.In medical field of wide use is the poly (lactic acid) (PLA), a thermoplastic polymer with characteristics similar to those of petroleum based ones [5], that can be used for various applications with the advantage that it is biodegradable. Additive manufacturing is a process in which parts are created by the addition of successive layers of materials making possible the manufacture of structures with complex geometries, high customization of products and simultaneously reducing material waste [1,2,3]. This process is currently included in fields such as automotive, aerospace and especially medical and bio-engineering given that most parts are of complex geometry and require a high degree of customization [3, 4]. A study on literature shows that silver particles are preferred for the production of antibacterial composites [6, 9] but lately copper is being used more and more [19 - 22]
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