Influence of gestational abnormal glucose metabolism on the birth outcome and long-term weight of neonates

Abstract

Objective To investigate the influence of gestational abnormal glucose metabolism on the birth outcome and long-term weight of neonates. Methods Thirty pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) were enrolled in this study.30 pregnant women with gestational impaired glucose tolerance(GIGT) were selected, and 30 normal pregnant women(NGT) were selected as control group.The weight, length and weight index(PI) of the three groups were collected.The incidence rates of adverse outcomes were collected in the three groups.The long-term weight of the newborns was investigated.According to whether breastfeeding, they were divided into breastfeeding group and non-breastfeeding group.The body mass index(BMI) was compared between 42 days, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, respectively. Results There were statistically significant differences in body weight and PI of neonates except length between the control group and the GDM group(t=1.60, P=0.06; t=5.09, P=0.00; t=6.94, P=0.00). There were statistically significant differences in body weight and PI of neonates except length between the control group and the GIGT group(t=1.57, P=0.06; t=4.21, P=0.01; t=5.88, P=0.00). There were no statistically significant differences in the above indices between the GDM group and the GIGT group(all P>0.05). The incidence rate of macrosomia in the GDM group and the GIGT group was significantly higher than that of the control group(χ2=10.59, P=0.00). The incidence rates of respiratory failure syndrome, cardiovascular disease, hyperbilirubinemia and birth injury among the three groups had no statistically significant differences(χ2=1.23, P=0.54; χ2=2.09, P=0.35; χ2=2.02, P=0.36; χ2=2.09, P=0.35; χ2=4.03, P=0.13). At the birth of 42 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, the BMI of neonates in the GDM group and the GIGT group were slightly higher than those in the control group, but there were no statistically significant differences in BMI index among the three groups of breastfed newborns(F=0.71, P=0.28; F=0.97, P=0.12; F=0.98, P=0.12; F=0.77, P=0.22). At the birth of 42 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, the BMI of neonates in the GDM group and the GIGT group were slightly higher than those in the control group, but there were no statistically significant differences in BMI index among the three groups of breastfed newborns(F=0.77, P=0.34; F=0.89, P=0.10; F=1.12, P=0.09; F=0.55, P=0.67). Conclusion Abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women can lead to a significant increase in the incidence of neonatal macrosomia.The body weight and PI of neonates are higher than those without abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women, but the abnormal maternal glucose metabolism in pregnant women has no significant influence on the long-term body weight of neonates, and there is no significant difference between NGT and neonates. Key words: Glucose metabolism disorders; Pregnancy complications; Diabetes, gestational