Influence of ER-CR-YSGG Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on the Dentin Bond Integrity of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Dentin Adhesive: SEM-EDX, Micro-Raman, Micro-Tensile, and FTIR Evaluation.

Abdullah S Aljamhan,Fahim Vohra,Alhanouf Alhabdan,Sarah A Alhusseini,Fahad Alkhudhairy,Mustafa Naseem,Imran Farooq,Mohammad H Alrefeai

doi:10.3390/polym13121903

Abdullah S Aljamhan, Fahim Vohra + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13121903

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Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the effect of the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) particles on the mechanical properties of experimental adhesive (EA). Furthermore, dentin interaction of EA (without nano-HA) and EA with nano-HA (hereon referred to as HA-10%) were also investigated and equated. Methods consisting of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) test, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to study nano-HA particles shape, dentin bond strength, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive–dentin interaction. Ninety teeth (N = 90) were collected, and pre-bonding, conditioning of dentin was performed utilizing phosphoric acid (H3PO4) etching, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and ER-CR-YSGG (ECY) laser. The teeth were set to form bonded specimens using two adhesives. Nano-HA particles were spherical-shaped, and EDX confirmed the presence of oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus. Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed distinct phosphate and carbonate peaks for nano-HA. The µTBS test demonstrated highest values for HA-10% group on the H3PO4 conditioned dentin. The greatest DC was observed for the EA group. The addition of nano-HA-10 wt.% particles in dentin adhesive resulted in improved bond strength. The incorporation also demonstrated acceptable DC (although lower than EA group), suitable dentin interaction, and resin tag formation.

Highlights

Resin composites have been increasingly used by dental practitioners globally over the last few decades due to their superior aesthetics [1]
The study was performed in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki ethical guidelines, and the ethical approval was obtained from the ethics and review committee from the specialist dental center and research institute (SDCRI-023-20)
For the preparation of experimental adhesive (EA), we used a mixture of monomers that included bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate, and camphorquinone (Esstech Inc., Essington, PA, USA)

Summary

Introduction

Resin composites have been increasingly used by dental practitioners globally over the last few decades due to their superior aesthetics [1]. Resin composites have questionable longevity (mean replacement period: 5.7 years), which is primarily due to the development of secondary caries and restoration fractures [3]. Dentin adhesives (DA) play a crucial role in governing the longevity of composite restorations, but adhesion is directly reliant on the developed polymer’s quality [4]. The DA establishes a direct connection with the tooth surface; its inclusion inside the adhesive could be more beneficial than its incorporation in the composite resin [6]. Researchers have incorporated various nanoinorganic fillers inside the DA, as they expand mechanical properties, remineralization competence, and the bond strength of dental resin composites [6,7,8]

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