Abstract
The main objective of this study was to obtain chitosan functionalized viscose fabric with improved antibacterial properties and washing durability. In this regard carboxyl and aldehyde groups, as binding points for irreversible chitosan attachment into/onto viscose fabric, were introduced by two different pretreatments: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO) oxidation and coating with TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCN). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, zeta potential measurements, scanning electron microscopy, breaking strength and antibacterial testing were used to evaluate the influence of these pretreatments on chitosan binding, but also on chemical, electrokinetic, morphological, mechanical and antibacterial properties of pretreated and chitosan functionalized viscose fabrics. Washing durability of chitosan functionalized viscose was monitored through changes in the chitosan content, electrokinetic and antibacterial properties after multiple washing. TOCN coating improves mechanical properties of fabric, while TEMPO oxidation deteriorates them. The results show that both pretreatments improve chitosan adsorption and thus antibacterial properties, which are highly durable to washing. After five washings, the chitosan functionalized pretreated viscose fabrics preserve their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was lost. TOCN coated and chitosan functionalized viscose fabric is a high value-added product with simultaneously improved antibacterial and mechanical properties, which may find application as medical textiles.
Highlights
The great potential of viscose as a material for medical textiles lies in its molecular structure, which offers excellent possibilities as a matrix for the design of biocompatible, bioactive and high performance materials [1]
Two different pretreatments were used in order to introduce carboxylic and/or aldehyde functional groups into/onto viscose fabrics (Table 2), since the presence of these functional groups should contribute to irreversible binding of chitosan
Conversion of the primary hydroxyl groups of glucopyranose units into carboxyl groups through aldehyde intermediates during tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO) oxidation leads to an increase in the functional groups content of TEMPO oxidized viscose, as well as TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCN)
Summary
The great potential of viscose as a material for medical textiles lies in its molecular structure, which offers excellent possibilities as a matrix for the design of biocompatible, bioactive and high performance materials [1]. Materials 2019, 12, 3144 activity together with complete safety for the user [2]. All of this paves the way for the development of healthcare textiles. Textile materials for healthcare and medical products range from simple bandage materials or gauze, to scaffolds for tissue repair and a large variety of prostheses for body implants. Medical textiles are being used both in the medical and biological sector. They are used for first aid, rehabilitation, hygienic or clinical purposes. In most of these cases, natural fibers with stable bioactive efficiency and good mechanical properties are required
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