Abstract
The paper presents and summarizes some research on constant magnetic field effects in chemistry. Metals and alloys electrodeposited under constant magnetic field have greater thickness and smoother surface with finest grains. Metallic materials deposited under the influence of uniform magnetic field may have stronger corrosion resistance, than those obtained without the presence of magnetic field. Constant magnetic field also causes an increase of the electropolymerization rate and yield of some organic reactions. Our research also shows that the presence of constant magnetic field affects the electrodeposition process of alloys and their morphology to a great extent. The effects of magnetic field on metals, alloys, composites, polymers and other materials are due to the Lorentz force and the magnetohydrodynamic effect. It is possible that the further development of magnetoelectrodeposition will allow for using the constant magnetic field to improve the properties of metal coatings, alloys, polymers, and other materials in the industry.
Highlights
Effects of constant magnetic field on electrolysis have been studied for 40 years [1] on such objects as metals, metal alloys, composites, and polymers.A number of reviews of magnetic field effects have been published during the 40 years of research including very helpful reviews by Fahidy of 1973 [2] and 1983 [3]
Studies described in this paper prove that the application of constant magnetic field in electrodeposition processes offers many possibilities
Along with the development of science, we find that magnetoelectrodeposition makes it possible to obtain improved properties of deposits or to reduce the electrodeposition time
Summary
Effects of constant magnetic field on electrolysis have been studied for 40 years [1] on such objects as metals, metal alloys, composites, and polymers. The dendritic shape of paramagnetic tin crystals obtained under the influence of magnetic field was similar to the shape of copper electrodeposits In both cases, the deposits formed in the presence of constant magnetic field were denser and smoother. In 2013, Rao and coworkers published the paper about magnetically induced electrodeposition at constant current density of Zn-Ni alloy coating [47] They applied magnetic field during electrodeposition from ZnCl2, NiCl2, NH4Cl, boric acid, and additives (gelatin and glycerol) solution at pH = 4.0. The same researchers in 2014 [48] investigated the effects of magnetic field on Ni-Cd alloys electrodeposited at the constant current density on mild steel They found, as in the case of the Zn-Ni alloy, that perpendicular and parallel (to the surface of the working electrode) magnetic fields affect the character of the alloy to a greater extent. The thickness of the obtained films was changed—without magnetic field, it was 24 μm, but in magnetic field, the thickness decreased with the increase of the field density
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