Influence of Ceramic Lumineers on Inflammatory Periodontal Parameters and Gingival Crevicular Fluid IL-6 and TNF-α Levels—A Clinical Trial

Abstract

The aim was to evaluate the effect of ceramic lumineers on inflammatory periodontal parameters, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow rate and cytokine profile. Patients were provided with lumineers using standardized technique including minimal to no preparation. Ceramic lumineers were etched with hydrofluoric acid and teeth with phosphoric acid followed by adhesive cementation. Periodontal parameters (Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL)) were recorded at baseline and after 4, 12, and 24 weeks of lumineer cementation. Assessment of GCF flow rate and levels of IL-6 and TNF-α was made using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical significance was determined by the t-test, analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test. It was found that PI, BOP, PPD, and CAL at baseline and 24 weeks were comparable (p > 0.05). The GCF volume at baseline was comparable to the GCF at week 24 (p > 0.05). The IL-6 levels at baseline (5.4 ± 3.6) were similar to those at 24 week (7.4 ± 5.2) (p > 0.05). The TNF-α at week 4 (65.3 ± 16.2), 12 (25 ± 10.2), and 24 (21.3 ± 7.6) was higher than the baseline (13.7 ± 5.8) (p < 0.05). Clinical periodontal parameters and GCF volume among patients treated with ceramic lumineers at baseline and twenty-four week follow-up were comparable. The GCF TNF-α levels significantly increased after ceramic lumineer cementation at 24-week follow-up.