Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory mediator whose levels are increased in the gingival crevicular fluid and blood serum in the case of chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vector ultrasonic system (VUS) on the levels of TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the clinical parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. The study protocol was conducted using split-mouth design in 30 patients with chronic periodontitis. VUS and scaling and root planing (S/RP) were applied separately to 2 quadrants, including the upper and the lower jaws. At baseline and after 6 months, clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded, and concentrations of TNF-α in GCF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intergroup comparisons were evaluated by the independent Students' t-test, and the Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between parameters. The level of significance was set at 5%. Both treatment modalities provided statistically significant improvements in clinical periodontal parameters and TNF-α levels after 6 months (p < 0.05). Also, there were no significant correlations between the TNF-α levels in GCF and the clinical parameters in both treatment group at baseline and at the end of 6 months period (p > 0.05). The use of the vector ultrasonic system in the non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis presents beneficial improvements for the clinical attachment level and the probing pocket depth as well as TNF-α levels in GCF.
Highlights
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of teeth and is associated with loss of gingival attachment, destruction of the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, leading to eventual tooth loss
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vector ultrasonic system (VUS) on the levels of TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the clinical parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis
At baseline and after 6 months, clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded, and concentrations of TNF-α in GCF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Summary
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of teeth and is associated with loss of gingival attachment, destruction of the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, leading to eventual tooth loss. Immune-inflammatory response has an important role in the course of chronic periodontitis.[1] Immune-inflammatory products appear in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva, and these markers carry diagnostic information related to periodontal diseases. The presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in GCF, especially interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), may be an indicator of the activity of the periodontal disease.[2,3]. TNF-α, which is an inflammatory cytokine belonging to the TNF family, has been reported to play important roles in bone resorption and the inhibition of bone formation. It has been reported that the level of TNF-α was increased in cases of periodontitis.[4]. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory mediator whose levels are increased in the gingival crevicular fluid and blood serum in the case of chronic periodontitis
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