Abstract
A model of the associated layer on the surface of nanoparticles in a fluid, which makes up mechanically integrated inclusions with them, has been proposed. Such inclusions can primarily be considered as solid particles with a diameter larger than their nucleus. This can be interpreted as the effective increase in the volume concentration of primary particles, which makes it possible to adapt the existing Batchelor formula to describe the results of measurements of the nanofluid viscosity. The inevitability of the agglomeration of nanoparticles in view of the associated fluid layer being present on their surface has also been demonstrated. It has been shown that the effective volume concentration depends on the size of primary nanoparticles and the degree of their agglomeration. Furthermore, data have been presented according to which the associated-layer thickness for particles with a diameter under 20 mm becomes dependent on the nanoparticle size.
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