Inflammation and necrosis syndrome (SINS) in swine.

Abstract

Abstract Minimizing pain, suffering and damage are essential factors in animal welfare. However, swine inflammation and necrosis syndrome (SINS) leads to significant clinical findings of inflammation and necrosis at the extremities in pigs. Tail, ears, coronary bands, soles, heels, claw walls, navel and face are frequently included. Early symptoms include loss of bristles, redness and swelling and can develop into exudative inflammation and necrosis. A high proportion of pigs seem to be affected, and suckling piglets have been born with SINS. Significant differences in the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways of the liver underline the importance of metabolism in the development and expression of SINS. The aim of the current review is to compile the most important factors of SINS and identify the most probable causes. Given the significant impairment of animal welfare caused by the lesions, there is an urgent need to raise awareness among pig farmers and to understand and counteract the multifactorial causality, including genetics, involved in SINS in swine.