Melanaphis sorghi : A review and synthesis of its control options 10 years post detection of a new invasive haplotype in the United States of America

Abstract

Abstract Melanaphis sorghi is a serious invasive insect pest of grain, sweet and forage sorghum in the southern USA. Ten years post invasion by this aphid, the authors reviewed the literature on the host range, distribution, impact and available management options. Since the detection of M. sorghi in Texas in 2013, this pest rapidly spread into 25 states that accounted for over 98% of the nationwide sorghum production. At high densities and infestations, feeding by M. sorghi causes direct injury and reduces plant quality leading to significant yield reductions and severe economic losses. Multiple management methods aimed at suppressing aphid populations and reducing yield and economic losses have been developed and are available to growers. These methods include the use of in-furrow and foliar insecticide applications, resistant sorghum cultivars, cultural methods like late planting, and conservation of natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) in sorghum production. A comprehensive review of the literature indicated that utilizing a combination of management methods was more efficient in suppressing aphid populations and improving yield across a range of locations. Research focused on integrated pest management of M. sorghi is still needed to refine IPM strategies in sorghum production.