Abstract
This article determines the effect of infant mortality on fertility decline with a comparative review of the decline in infant mortality and fertility in Bangladesh. Gathered information is based on the review and analysis of the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey during which a total of 12096 women under age 50 years were interviewed nationwide. It is noted that the level of fertility and infant mortality has declined considerably between 1975 and 1990. Such a decline was greater in urban areas than in rural areas which might be due to the effect of contraceptive use. Although Bangladesh have low socioeconomic development the contraceptive prevalence rate increased steadily between 1983 and 1991. This occurrence has had an indirect effect on the decline of infant mortality. In conclusion the relation between infant mortality and fertility was not unique in the early 1960s and 1970s but observations show a visible sign and positive association between the decline in infant mortality and fertility in Bangladesh.
Highlights
Bangladesh is one of the most populous and unurbanized countries in the world
The main purpose o f this paper is to describe and examine the effect o f infant mortality and modem contraception on the decline o f fertility
Total fertility has declined in many high fertility societies even in low social and economic conditions, most likely as a result of the family planning program between 1960 and 1990
Summary
Bangladesh is one of the most populous and unurbanized countries in the world. In January 1990, the population of Bangladesh was estimated to be 113 million. The crude birth rate of 34 and crude death rate of 12 resulted in a growth rate o f 2.2 percent per year. Having an area of only 144,000 km2and 819 inhabitants per km, it is one of the most densely populated and poorest countries in the world. The illiteracy rate is high and women’ s status low, the economy is based on agriculture and high dependency on families, especially male children. Infant and child mortality is high despite a rapid mortality decline (World Bank, 1992). More than 80 percent of the population lives in rural areas. Conservative, traditional and agrarian, much as it has been for centuries.
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