Abstract
Genetic variability in plants can be maximized through techniques of induction to make selection of genotypes with improved adaptation to cultivation conditions possible. For oat, these techniques are important for a sustainable development through plant breeding programs in southern Brazil. The effects of mutagens (one physical: 60Co gamma rays and two chemical agents: ethyl - methanesulfonate and methyl-methanesulfonate) were compared in the segregating M2 and M3 generations derived from artificial hybridization and induced mutation to compare mechanisms of widening the genetic variability of oat. The methodologies increased the genetic variability in the trait vegetative cycle effectively, by either increasing or reducing the number of days from emergence to full heading; both can be applied in oat breeding programs.
Highlights
Over the last seven decades, more than 2250 varieties commercial mutants, used directly or through controlled crosses, have been created (Ahloowalia et al 2004)
In the populations originated by artificial crosses (UFRGS 10 x UFRGS 14 and UPF 16 x CTC 3) the magnitude of variance for the adaptable trait vegetative cycle with negative as well as positive skewness values, respectively, was significantly modified (Table 1)
Estimates of the skewness coefficient can be useful in the evaluation of the dominance of the trait (Allard 1960)
Summary
Over the last seven decades, more than 2250 varieties commercial mutants, used directly or through controlled crosses, have been created (Ahloowalia et al 2004). Oat (Avena sativa L.) was introduced into Brazil, where the environmental conditions are completely different from the center of origin of the species. The existing genetic variability for traits of agronomic importance, such as plant vegetative cycle, is considered restricted. The narrowing of the genetic base in cultivated oat varieties can be a constraint on the efficacy of genotype selection in segregating generations (Carvalho and Federizzi 1989). Indispensable for all effective natural and/or artificial selection, consists essentially of processes of evolution and plant improvement (Jennings et al 1981). Aside from the predetermined genetic variability in the germplasm, variability can be added by means of artificial mutations, gene recombination, genetic transformation, and somaclonal mutations
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