Spectrum and Frequency of Mutations Induced by Gamma Radiations in Three Varieties of Nigerian Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Muhammad Liman Muhammad,Onyedi David Oyedum,Aishatu Adamu Gado,Matthew Omoniyi Adebola,Mohammed Chata Dang,Ahmed Olamide Falusi

doi:10.15835/nsb10110219

Abstract

Insufficient genetic variability is one of the major problems of plant breeding programmes, especially in sesame. Gamma radiation has been reported to be very effective in creating genetic variability in plants. Three varieties of Nigerian sesame were assessed for spectrum and frequency of mutation induced by Gamma radiations in M1 and M2 generations. The varieties (NCRIBEN-04E, NCRIBEN-01M and NCRIBEN-03L) were treated with four different doses of gamma rays (250, 350, 450 and 550 Gy). The treated and untreated seeds (control) were sown in planting bags (under field condition) to raise M1 plants. Four treatments: V1D5, V2D3, V3D2 and V3D4 (from M1 plants) were selected and bulked to obtain M2 populations. The results of M1 revealed four mutant fruit traits: multicarpellate capsule, multiple capsule per leaf axil, indehiscent capsule and terminal capsules. The highest frequencies of the traits in M1 generation were 2.50×10-2, 9.17×10-2, 1.67×10-2and3.33×10-2 respectively. The highest branching (7) was from NCRIBEN-01M, while the least (2) was from NCRIBEN-04E. The M2 plants were grouped into eight M2 lines. The dose range (250-550 Gy) was proved to be effective in inducing viable mutations in sesame.

Highlights

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a very good source of high quality edible oil and protein food for lower class farmers in major sesame producing countries such as Sudan, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Uganda, Mexico, Venezuela, India, China, Pakistan, Turkey and Myanmar (Kumar and Yadav, 2010)
Irradiation of the seeds Each of the three varieties of sesame was divided into five parts (5 g each) and exposed to gamma irradiation dose of 0, 250, 350, 450 and 550Gy, respectively, from Co-60 source at Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT) Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Some viable mutation from M1 and M2 generation Four mutants were clearly identified from M1 plants

Summary

Introduction

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a very good source of high quality edible oil and protein food for lower class farmers in major sesame producing countries such as Sudan, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Uganda, Mexico, Venezuela, India, China, Pakistan, Turkey and Myanmar (Kumar and Yadav, 2010). Insufficient genetic variability has remained one of the setbacks of plant breeding programs, especially in sesame. According to Monpara (2016), the comparatively low seed yield in sesame is the key reason why sesame needs breeding to produce more yield. Cultivation of inherently low yielding varieties have been pointed as one of the factors responsible for the low average yield of sesame (Monpara, 2016). A large number of new cultivars have been released globally (Diouf et al, 2010) and the number of officially released mutant varieties that are recorded in FAO/IAEA reached 2,252 by the beginning of the 21st century (Kharkwal et al, 2004). The widespread usage of induced mutants in plant breeding programs throughout the world has led to the official release of more than 2,700 plant mutant varieties (FAO, 2009)

Methods

Results

Conclusion