Increasing sowing quality of injured seeds of soft winter wheat

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Purpose. To study the effect of disinfectants on quality of sound and injured seeds of soft winter wheat after manual and mechanized harvesting. Methods. The study was carried out during 2015–2017. The sowing quality of seeds of soft winter wheat varieties of intensive type Midas and Balaton (Austria) was determined according to the methods of DSTU 4138–2002 at the Laboratory of Quality of Seeds and Planting Stock of the Department of Plant Cultivation of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences (NULES) of Ukraine. Vigor or intensity of initial seed growth was determined as the percentage of seedlings that broke through sand layer of 4 cm thickness 10 days after sowing and mass of 100 such seedlings in grams. Field germination of seeds was determined in microplot trial at the scientific laboratory “Demonstrational Collection Field of Agricultural Crops” of the NULES. Results. Reliable increase in sowing quality of injured soft wheat seeds after treatment with the disinfectants Maxim XL 035 FS (1.0 l/t) and Vitavax 200 FF (2.5 l/t) has been established. Field germination of injured seeds increased practically to the level of undamaged ones. Progress of pathogenic microflora on wheat seedlings derived from the treated seeds was lower. The Vitavax 200 FF was more effective to improve the sowing quality of injured seeds in which seed vigor increased by 24 %, laboratory germination by 26 %, vigor by 6 %, field germination increased by 7 %, pathogen damage decreased by 18 %. When manual threshing, the sowing qualities of seeds were higher: field germination exceeded 80 %, pathogen affection was below 10 %. After mechanized harvesting field germination of seeds was within 78–86 %, pathogen affection 7–13 %, respectively. Conclusions. Seed dressing reduces the negative consequences of seed injuring by increasing their germination due to decontamination of pathogenic microflora and stimulation of growth processes.