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Abstract
High lithium cycling efficiencies are required if a metal anode system is to be considered for use in Li-O2 batteries. In this work electrolyte additives (0.3 M LiNO3 and 0.14 M VC) were used to increase the efficiency from 25 to 82.5% in the topical DMSO based electrolyte. Furthermore, we show that oxygen also acts to improve the cycling efficiency to 87%. This work highlights the importance of anode considerations in the development of metal O2 batteries in alternative solvents (DMSO, Acetonitrile and DMA) and suggests realistic strategies for performance improvements. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any
Highlights
The goal of a rechargeable Li-O2 battery has stimulated many research studies in recent years
The potential vs. time profiles for all additive combinations tested under Regime 1 are shown in Figure 1; in all cases on application of a negative current the potential of the cell dropped from the open circuit voltage (∼2.9 V, hereafter all the voltages are presented vs. Li/Li+) to around −0.15 V, some features in the potential profile consistent with the degradation of the electrolyte were observed during this initial period
After reaching −0.15 V the potential slowly changed to a plateau at around −0.1 V, this is attributed to initial over potentials required to provide nucleation sites on the copper surface, the potential remains stable for the duration of the plating step
Summary
The goal of a rechargeable Li-O2 battery has stimulated many research studies in recent years. One of the most promising candidate electrolytes is dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).[23,24,25,26] the stability of the lithium metal electrode in contact with this electrolyte has been questioned (the effect of which is negated in proof of concept cells where a large excess of Li is used). This instability is because the reduction products of DMSO and the lithium salt do not form a stable passivation layer on the metal surface.
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