Abstract
In article formation and development of the land relations during the period from 2000 to 2016 on the example of the Voronezh region is considered. Need of a land reform which purpose in agriculture was a transformation of the land relations providing efficiency of use of land resources is shown. In article it is shown that objectives are partially solved. By 2016 joint stock companies, the joint-stock company, closed joint stock company, Ltd company, KFH, etc. were created, modern legal forms therefore the conclusion is drawn that limited liability companies at the moment prevail Are analysed, they make 73,8%. Results of their work in recent years are shown. The number of the unprofitable enterprises in 2016 in comparison with 2005 has decreased in percentage terms by 5,5 times and is only 6%, and profitable – 94%. The profit size for this period has increased more than by 10 times. Their characteristics and shortcomings are considered. It is noted that increase in efficiency of the land relations was promoted in no small measure by the following conditions: use of new technologies, introduction new highly productive, grades, rational use of fertilizers, acquisition of the new equipment, observance of crop rotations, improvement of personnel policy, etc. During land reforms due attention hasn't been paid to legal support of the mechanism of optimization of use of the earth that seriously slows down development of new land legal relations. Besides, the material and technical resources are still insufficiently created, selection and breeding work isn't completely restored, there are shortcomings and of formation of the financial and credit relations. For more effective use of land resources a number of actions for improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism are offered.
Highlights
Земля это один из четырех основных факторов производства
Структура организационно-правовых форм сельскохозяйственных предприятия Воронежской области за 2000–2016 гг
Размер прибыли за данный период возрос более чем хозяйственных угодий 4,0 тыс. руб. прибыли
Summary
В качестве результата земельной реформы следует выделить крупномасштабные перераспределения сельскохозяйственных угодий по формам собственности и по формам хозяйствования [2]. В ходе исследования, на примере Воронежской области, были проанализированы сложившиеся на данный период времени организационно-правовые формы сельскохозяйственных предприятий, их размеры и эффективность работы. Произошло резкое изменение общего количества сельскохозяйственных предприятий и их структуры (таблица 1). В таблице 2 показаны средние размеры сельскохозяйственных угодий, пашни и результаты их использования в различных организационноправовых формах. Средний размер сельхозугодий в области 5400 га, пашни 4720 га. Наибольшую площадь сельхозугодий и пашни имеют ЗАО, наименьшую – КФХ. Распаханность сельхозугодий в области высокая и составляет 82–97,7%, однако пашня в некоторых предприятиях используется неэффективно (распаханные земли пустуют) в силу ряда причин. Структура организационно-правовых форм сельскохозяйственных предприятия Воронежской области за 2000–2016 гг. Structure of legal forms agricultural the enterprises of the Voronezh region for 2000–2016 [6]
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