Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA enveloped virus of the Metapneumovirus genus belonging to theParamyxoviridae family. This virus may cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry, despite vaccination, which is the main tool for controlling and preventing aMPV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of extracts of four different native plants of the Brazilian Cerrado against aMPV. The antiviral activity against aMPV was determined by titration. This technique measures the ability of plant extract dilutions (25 to 2.5 µg mL-1) to inhibit the cytopathic effect (CPE) of the virus, expressed as inhibition percentage (IP). The maximum nontoxic concentration (MNTC) of the extracts used in antiviral assay was 25 µg mL-1for Aspidosperma tomentosumand Gaylussacia brasiliensis, and 2.5 µg mL-1for Arrabidaea chicaand Virola sebifera. Twelve different extracts derived from four plant species collected from the Brazilian Cerrado were screened for antiviral activity against aMPV. G. brasiliensis, A. chica,and V. sebifera extracts presented inhibition rates of 99% in the early viral replication stages, suggesting that these extracts act during the adsorption phase. On the other hand, A. tomentosum inhibited 99% virus replication after the virus entered the cell. The biomonitored fractioning of extracts active against aMPV may be a tool to identify the active compounds of plant extracts and to determine their precise mode of action.
Highlights
Avian metapneumovirus is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA enveloped virus of the Metapneumovirus genus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family
There is no doubt that traditional medicinal plants may serve as potential sources for the development of new antiviral agents in the future
The results suggests that there is an increasing activity of the extract A. tomentosum acetone and G. brasiliensis dichloromethane with selectivity index (SI) higher than 1.5
Summary
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA enveloped virus of the Metapneumovirus genus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. This family includes viruses responsible for causing respiratory diseases in turkeys and in humans. The aMPV is involved in the etiology of a multi-factorial disease known as the Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS). Another member of the Paramyxoviridae family that is relevant to the poultry industry is the Newcastle disease virus. Avian metapneumovirus may cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Vaccinated subjects may acquire incomplete protection and/or there may be a reversion of the vaccine virus to pathogenicity (Catelli et al, 2006)
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