Abstract
Anti retroviral drugs for HIV has problems with uncomfortable side effects and that endanger the lives of HIV sufferers. Several herbs have been empirically proven to have an effect on HIV eradication through inhibition of reverse transcriptase. One of such antiviral herbs is Justicia gendarussa (J. gendarussa). The aim of research is to evaluate anti-HIV activity of 70% fractionated-ethanol extract (with releasing alkaloids) and 70% ethanol extract (without releasing alkaloids) of J. gendarussa leaves on in vitro HIV-infected of MOLT-4 cells. The effect of the extracts in inhibiting viral replication and fusion process on acute HIV infection was identified through syncytia formation assay. Effect of the extracts on HIV p24 antigen was evaluated using HIV-1 p24 ELISA kit. It was found that 70% fractionated-ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves significantly inhibited of HIV replication by inhibition of syncytia formation, where the 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of the 70% fractionated- ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract are 70.5 μg/mL and 228.7 μg/mL, respectively. Both of the extracts were also significantly inhibited HIV replication by decreasing HIV p24 antigen level where the EC 50 values of the 70% fractionatedethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract are 88.8 μg/mL and 540.7 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, it was found that 70% fractionated- ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves has anti-HIV activity since its EC50 values less than 100 μg/mL. It was concluded that J. gendarussa could be potentially developed into a phyto-pharmaceutical product due to its anti-HIV activity.
Highlights
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects human immune system, causing decline of human immuneCorrespondence: Prihartini Widiyanti, Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
It was found that the 70 % fractionated ethanol extract does not contain alkaloids compounds, while the 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussaleaves contains alkaloids compounds (Rfvalue = 2.7) (Figure 1)
The difference of EC50 value form two MOLT-4 cells exposed by MT-4/HIV was transcription could be prevented
Summary
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects human immune system, causing decline of human immune. Correspondence: Prihartini Widiyanti, Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia. Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti,[1] Prihartini Widiyanti,[2,3] Bambang Prajogo EW4. Muhammadiyah; 2Faculty of Science and Technology; 3Institute of Tropical Disease; 4Department of Pharmacognosy is a therapy that used to treat patients with HIV infection. Contributions: PW, NPEH, manuscript writing, research and result analysis, literature review; BPEW, manuscript review, research and Phytochemistry, Faculty of inability of patients to withstand adverse and result analysis. Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia effects of drugs, high cost of ARV therapy, limited availability of drugs combination,[2] lack of any curative effect and viral resist-
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