Abstract
The anthelminthic efficacy of the crude extracts of Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br (Acanthaceae) against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep was investigated using the in vitro egg hatch inhibition assay. Faecal samples were collected from sheep with naturally occurring infection of GIN (Trichostrongylus spp., Chabertia ovina, Cooperia spp., Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia spp.). Crude leaf extracts of H. forskaolii was obtained using increasing polarity solvents: n-hexane, chloroform, chloroform:methanol 9:1, methanol. Thiabendazole (0.2 µg/mL and 0.5 µg/mL) was used as a positive control and untreated GIN eggs in deionised water served as the negative control. All the extracts exhibited a weak ovicidal activity against GIN (less than 50% of egg hatch). Noteworthy, the n-hexane extract showed a percentage of inhibition of egg hatching greater than other extracts inhibiting the 30.8% at the concentration of 1 mg/mL showing a dose-dependent effect on nematode eggs hatching. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of extracts used and to evaluate the ovicidal effects of other extracts of H. forskaolii.
Highlights
Infections by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) remain a major constraint to ruminants’ health, welfare and productive performance worldwide [1,2]
The results showed a mean of 7.1% of eggs in the negative control, a mean of 96.9% of eggs in the first positive control (0.2 μg/mL of TBZ) and a mean of 97.2% of eggs in the second positive control (0.5 μg/mL TBZ)
The development of anthelmintic resistance (AR) to commercially available drugs, as well as the risks that are associated with the presence of these products in the environment, and in foods of animal origin, have encouraged the search for new active ingredients that are less toxic, able to minimize the presence of drug residues in food of animal origin and more efficient
Summary
Infections by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) remain a major constraint to ruminants’ health, welfare and productive performance worldwide [1,2]. These parasites cause direct and indirect losses in different ways such as lowered fertility, reduced work capacity, reduction in food intake, low weight gain and low milk productions [3]. The availability and affordability of systemic anthelminthics to small-scale sheep farmers is a major problem in many developing countries [6] This problem justifies the need for alternative control methods, such as the use of traditional medicinal plants, that are being examined in different parts of the world [7]. The screening and proper evaluation of medicinal plants could offer a possible alternative that may both be sustainable and environmentally acceptable [8]
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