Abstract
• The TiO 2 /Ni 3 C are prepared in situ on the 3D substrate by sputtering. • CuO/Ni 3 C, and WO 3 /Ni 3 C are also synthesized by sputtering method. • The field emission performance of the TiO 2 /Ni 3 C is better than others. • The TiO 2 nanosheets show the turn-on and threshold fields of 1.30 and 1.69 V/μm. • The field emitter also exhibits good repeatability and stability for 50 min. Three-dimensional metal oxides/Ni 3 C structures ( TiO 2 /Ni 3 C, CuO/Ni 3 C, and WO 3 /Ni 3 C ) are prepared in situ on the macroporous electrically conductive network ( MECN) and the field emission (FE) characteristics are investigated systematically. The TiO 2 /Ni 3 C nanosheets deposited on MECN show the smallest turn-on and threshold fields of 1.30 V/μm and 1.69 V/μm, respectively, compared to CuO/Ni 3 C and WO 3 /Ni 3 C. The excellent FE properties of TiO 2 /Ni 3 C/MECN arise from the low work function and change in hybridization from sp 2 to sp 3 carbon atoms at the electron emission sites. In situ synthesis of TiO 2 /Ni 3 C is environmentally friendly, efficient, and compatible with microelectronics manufacturing boding well for application to high-performance FE and vacuum nanodevices.
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