Abstract
Bioactivity, osteogenicity and mechanical properties of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) based phosphates cements can be improved by adding tricalcium silicate (C3S); however, the addition of C3S delays the precipitation and growth of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). Thus, the aim of this work was the study of in situ setting reaction of α-TCP/C3S composite bone cement under high energy X-ray generated by a synchrotron source within the first 72h. The results showed that the addition of C3S induces the precipitation of nanosized CDHA at early times depending on the added content. Calculated crystallite sizes showed that the higher the content of C3S, the smaller the crystal size at the beginning of the precipitation. These results are different from those obtained by conventional XRD method, suggesting that the proposed technique is a powerful tool in determining the composition and extent of reaction of CPCs surfaces in real time.
Highlights
IntroductionCalcium phosphates cements (CPCs) are an excellent choice for the repair, augmentation and regeneration of bone tissue due to their good biocompatibility, bioresorbability, osteoconductivity and osteotransductive; in situ handling and shaping abilities; injectability; self-setting ability in vivo, as well as drug carriers[1,2,3,4]
Calcium phosphates cements (CPCs) are an excellent choice for the repair, augmentation and regeneration of bone tissue due to their good biocompatibility, bioresorbability, osteoconductivity and osteotransductive; in situ handling and shaping abilities; injectability; self-setting ability in vivo, as well as drug carriers[1,2,3,4].Among the different formulations of CPCs, stands out for its importance that based on α-tricalcium phosphate powder [α-Ca3(PO4)[2]; α-TCP] which sets in situ and forms a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite [Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH); CDHA] that is chemically similar to the inorganic phase of bone tissue
After the addition of C3S (Figure 2), the diffraction peaks of CHDA appeared at lower times of hydrolysis (24h) and seemed to be more crystalline than those formed by TCP specimens
Summary
Calcium phosphates cements (CPCs) are an excellent choice for the repair, augmentation and regeneration of bone tissue due to their good biocompatibility, bioresorbability, osteoconductivity and osteotransductive; in situ handling and shaping abilities; injectability; self-setting ability in vivo, as well as drug carriers[1,2,3,4]. Among the different formulations of CPCs, stands out for its importance that based on α-tricalcium phosphate powder [α-Ca3(PO4)[2]; α-TCP] which sets in situ and forms a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite [Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH); CDHA] that is chemically similar to the inorganic phase of bone tissue. In order to improve biocompatibility and osteogenicity of α-TCP-based phosphate cements[5,6,7] and enhance the mechanical properties of the final materials after a period of time, silicon compounds such as dicalcium silicate [Ca2SiO4; (C2S)], tricalcium silicate [Ca3SiO5; (C3S)] and silica can be added to the conventional formulations[8,9,10,11,12]. Dissolution of α-TCP particles, further nuclei and precipitation of entanglement of crystals of CDHA, are the main causes of the increment of mechanical properties of CPCs. setting times give us information. The aim of this work was to characterize the in situ early hydration of the α-TCP/C3S composite bone cement through high energy X-ray diffraction
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