Abstract
In this work we present a rapid and easy method to remove the totality of bisphenol A from aqueous solutions using ionic liquid (IL). Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction is employed. The IL 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethane)sulfonyl)imide ([C8C1im] [NTf2]) is formed in situ because of the mixture of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8C1im]Cl) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li[NTf2]) aqueous solutions. A cloud of microdroplets of IL formed by the dispersion generated through the precursors metathesis reaction allows the rapid and total extraction of bisphenol A (BPA). After centrifugation, the formed IL phase is deposited at the bottom of the flask and the total amount of BPA is extracted in the sedimented phase. The volume of IL is very low, in the order of microliters, which enables us to remove all the BPA from the solution. The technique studied is highly efficient, cost-effective, and presents less environmental impact than other extraction techniques, thus becoming an outstanding alternative to the most commonly used methods. BPA concentration is determined by high performance liquid chromatography by injecting the IL phase directly. An extraction kinetic model for the kinetic profile has been tested for this method, which allows to infer the ideal experimental conditions to execute the extraction method.
Highlights
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important chemical agent employed in manufacturing of plastics, epoxy resins, polycarbonate, and flame retardants [1,2,3,4]
Trace residue level of BPA can interfere in the normal functioning of the endocrine system [5], and it may act as a carcinogenic and mutagenic agent
Analytical grade acetonitrile was obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) water from Macron (Valsamoggia, Italy)
Summary
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important chemical agent employed in manufacturing of plastics, epoxy resins, polycarbonate, and flame retardants [1,2,3,4]. Nowadays there is a major interest in developing techniques to remove BPA from different matrices, especially in water, because of its high toxicity and high resistance to natural degradation [6,7,8]. Several degradation techniques of BPA such as photocatalysis [6,9], oxidative degradation [10], and the use of reusable multifunctional electrodes have been developed recently. These techniques give rise to organic decomposition products that can sometimes be toxic and tedious to characterize. Alternative techniques to remove BPA are being investigated nowadays, remarkably the use of adsorbents [9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]
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