Abstract
It is believed of great interest to incorporate silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) into stable supported materials using biological methods to control the adverse properties of nanoscale particles. In this study, in-situ biofabrication of Ag-NPs using Entada spiralis (E. spiralis) aqueous extract in Ceiba pentandra (C. pentandra) fiber as supporting material was used in which, the E. spiralis extract acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents to incorporate Ag-NPs in the C. pentandra fiber. The properties of Ag-NPs incorporated in the C. pentandra fiber (C. pentandra/Ag-NPs) were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FETEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. The average size of Ag-NPs measured using FETEM image was 4.74 nm spherical in shape. The C. pentandra/Ag-NPs was easily separated after application, and could control the release of Ag-NPs to the environment due to its strong attachment in C. pentandra fiber. The C. pentandra/Ag-NPs exposed good qualitative and quantitative antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 33420). The dye catalytic properties of C. pentandra/Ag-NPs revealed the dye reduction time in which it was completed within 4 min for 20 mg/L rhodamine B and 20 min for 20 mg/L methylene blue dye, respectively. Based on the results, it is evident that C. pentandra/Ag-NPs are potentially promising to be applied in wound healing, textile, wastewater treatment, food packaging, labeling and biomedical fields.
Highlights
With the strong potential of nanotechnology, various types of nanomaterials as an antibacterial agent with strong antibacterial activity have been widely used in many applications to prevent or control the health hazard of microorganisms
The plant fiber surface becomes rougher and compressed due to the collapse of the lumen structure and removal of the hemicellulose and lignin covered on the cellulose region [24,25]
The incorporation of Ag-NPs in the C. pentandra fiber can control the adverse effect of nanoscale of Ag-NPs by strong association of Ag-NPs with the negatively charged of functional group in the cellulose of C. pentandra fiber
Summary
With the strong potential of nanotechnology, various types of nanomaterials as an antibacterial agent with strong antibacterial activity have been widely used in many applications to prevent or control the health hazard of microorganisms. Ag-NPs exhibit special catalytic, chemical, structural, electronic and optical properties different from bulk materials due to the high surface to volume ratio [3]. Such properties of Ag-NPs allow it to be widely used in medical applications (reduce severe burn and human skin treatment), wound dressing, catheter, scaffold, industrial products (shampoo, toothpaste, soaps, detergent, cosmetic products and shoes), pharmaceutical, textile, catalysis, photography, optoelectronics, biological labeling and photocatalytic applications [4,5,6]. To achieve better stability, control the size of Ag-NPs, high recovery and minimize the release of Ag-NPs into the environment, Ag-NPs should be loaded on supporting materials
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