Abstract
The effectiveness of the electric braking system largely depends on how the braking is carried out, whether the braking characteristics that it forms are acceptable for a given vehicle, how simple and reliable the technical solutions embedded in the system are, and where the braking energy is used. With electric braking, it is possible not only to extinguish the electrical energy on the braking resistor, but also to send it back to the storage device and again use it in traction mode. This paper analyzes the most common methods of electric braking used in electric braking systems for traction electric drives that are in operation on vehicles. As the main criterion for evaluating the method of electric braking, its energy indicators are selected. The results of scientific research of the proposed new method of electric braking, which provides better energy performance and new technical solutions for its implementation, are considered. When implementing this method, DC motors are operated by sequential excitation generators. The current in the field windings is regulated by a DC-DC-converter. Energy in the power circuit is accumulated in storage devices and used in traction mode. When the storage devices are filled, the energy in the power circuit is extinguished by the braking resistor, and the energy from the output of the DC-DC-converter is used for own needs. In this case, braking characteristics are formed as in generators of independent excitation. To increase the braking efficiency at low speeds, it is necessary to smoothly regulate the resistance of the braking resistors by shunting them with transistor switches.
Highlights
Traction electric drives are introduced more and more every year in transport
The most common methods of electric braking used in electric braking systems of traction electric drives that are in operation on vehicles are analyzed
DC motors operate as sequential excitation generators
Summary
Traction electric drives are introduced more and more every year in transport. They are used in urban electric vehicles, mining trucks, hybrid cars, electric cars, electric buses and other modes of transport. The dynamic, energy and environmental performance of vehicles is significantly improved, it becomes possible to realize greater power and carrying capacity on mining trucks, introduce electric braking instead of mechanical, and use a mechanical brake as a backup. It is possible to extinguish the electric energy on the braking resistor, and, if possible, send it back to the power source or drive and use it again in traction mode. The effectiveness of the electric braking system largely depends on how the braking is carried out, whether the braking characteristics that it forms are acceptable for a given vehicle, how simple and reliable the technical solutions embedded in the system are, and where the braking energy is used
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