Abstract
Global Positioning System (GPS) on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) platform relies on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology with a precision of 10 m at shooting time at UAV camera stations positions. Nonetheless, obstacles to the GPS signal at the finest flight altitude can prevent accurate camera stations positions retrieval. In this research, three different georeferencing techniques were compared with geometric precision. The first is Direct Georeferencing (DG), which mainly depends on using Navigation GPS onboard without using any Ground Control Points (GCPs). The second is Indirect Georeferencing (IG), which mainly depends on three GCPs used to assist Aero-Triangulation (AT). The third is Modified technique depends on the same three GCPs used in the second method and enhanced location of camera stations usage of the Linear Relation Model (LR Model). The study area was in the south of the Moscow Region, Russia. Threeimaging strips have been taken using the DJI PHANTOM 4 PRO UAV. The accuracy assessment was carried out using image-derived coordinates and checkpoints (CPs) residuals. This study emphasizes that the Modified methodology using enhanced camera stations positions gave better accuracy than using the drone GPS camera stations positions.
Highlights
Developed countries are increasingly facing high maintenance costs of aging linear infrastructure, such as highways for transportation
It can be seen in figure 4 according to the values of Mx, My, Mz, and Error that the Direct Georeferencing technique without using Ground Control Points (GCPs) is the worst case, while the Indirect Georeferencing technique using 36 GCPs is the best
From the results of this research, it is clear that the enhancement of the camera stations positions using the LR model has a clearer effect on the accuracy of georeferencing better than using the drone Global Positioning System (GPS) imaging centers coordinates
Summary
Developed countries are increasingly facing high maintenance costs of aging linear infrastructure, such as highways for transportation. A receiver may operate in code or carrier-phase mode, the latter is typically more reliable in the area, since the receiver may discern the oscillation of the sinusoidal wave, where the signal code is stored. This solution can be achieved expediently using a single-frequency receiver. A solution for determining the parameters of the exterior orientation (Space resection) based on algorithms based on genetic evolution This space resection optimization model can be implemented with or without redundancy and doesn't require linearization [6]
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