Abstract
CdSE films grown by chemical deposition on Ti and Ni substrates and used in PEC cells have been given solar and equivalent solar exposures for periods of 6 to 18 months of outdoor summer insolation. The samples were of 3 cm 2 area and mostly of 4–5% efficiency. The decay rates were reduced by avoiding zinc chloride dips, by optimising the operating solution, by application of oxidation treatments or gold sputtering and by providing serrated substrate profiles. Regeneration of performance was possible by heating to 500°C in air for about 10 min and etching. One sample of superior longevity retained over 60% performance after 8 months equivalent summer sunlight (approximately exposure of one calendar year). Combinations of further optimisation and regeneration techniques appear capable of achieving lifetimes of years, while retaining the advantages of simplicity and low cost of production.
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