IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCESS OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION BY ROUTES IN THE DIRECTION TO THE WESTERN BORDERS OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The paper examines the process of movement of carloads with export goods in the modern conditions of railway transport of Ukraine. In the conditions of a full-scale war, after blocking the ports, the export transportation of goods takes place largely through the western border crossings. The volumes of cargo transportation passing through the western border stations, which have been increasing recently, were studied. Bulk cargo, such as grain, iron ore, ferrous metals, and others, is a significant part of cargo transported in the direction of the western borders to the EU countries or in transit through their territory. The transportation of such cargoes is usually organized as part of route trains, since the large volume of the load allows full trains to be accumulated. The technology of planning the transportation of goods by routes is proposed, which makes it possible to rationally manage the transportation process, provided that trains are dispatched according to a fixed schedule that is consistent with the schedule of the foreign carrier. A model of stochastic programming with optimization of operational costs arising in the process of formation and routing of a route train in the direction of the western borders has been developed. The developed model takes into account the probabilistic nature of the formation time of the route train at the loading station, which is subject to the normal distribution law. To ensure the practical implementation of the model, the technological and regulatory conditions reflected in the system of restrictions are taken into account. The use of the proposed technology will make it possible to avoid the processing of wagons in the process of transportation, increase the productivity of rolling stock by reducing the turnover of wagons, optimize the technology of planning the transportation process, and also increase the predictability of cargo shipments for shippers. In addition, the technology takes into account multiple cases of route delays on a fixed schedule. Determining the amount of train delay is solved using the theory of fuzzy sets. Taking into account the received data on the places of delays and their causes, it is necessary to lay time reserves on the route of freight trains moving according to a fixed schedule.