Abstract
Improvement of selected induction culture media on callus induction in anther culture of anthurium and a histologicalstudy on its callus formation were studied at the tissue culture laboratory of the Indonesian Ornamental CropsResearch Institute from February to October 2008. The objectives of the study were to optimize selected media forcallus formation, reveal cell origin of callus derived from anther culture and shoot formation process. Selectedmedia improved in the study were 1) MMS-TBN containing 0,5 mg/l TDZ, 1,0 mg/l BAP and 0,01 mg/l NAA (Winartomedium, WM) and 2) MMS III supplemented with 1,5 mg/l TDZ, 0,75 mg/l BAP and 0,02 mg/l NAA (Winarto andRachmawati medium, WRM). Improvement treatments were carried out by omission and application of 2,4-D in 0.5mg/l and reduction of medium strength of full, half, quarter, one eighth, one sixteenth, and zero strength. Afactorial experiment was arranged using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results ofthis study indicated that the highest callus induction was clearly established in WRM. The medium stimulatedpotential growth of anther (PGA) up to 81% with 49% of percentage of anther regeneration (PAR) and 2.7 number ofcallus formed per replication (NCF). Significant improvement in callus formation was also recorded by reduction ofmedium strength of WRM to one eighth compared to others. The reduction induced PGA up to 58% with 29% of PARand 1.8 NCF. From histological studies it was well recognized that regenerated callus on half anthers cultured wasoriginated from middle layer cells of anther wall. The morphogenic response of anther wall cells caused primarilyon no androgenesis effect in microspore cells.
Highlights
Application of anther culture and/or microspore culture in ornamental crops till now is still limited
Anther and callus browning in anther culture of anthurium were caused by anther and callus slicing as reported in Pistachia vera (Ahmad 1993)
It can be concluded that the highest callus induction was clearly established in WRM
Summary
Application of anther culture and/or microspore culture in ornamental crops till now is still limited. The technique was reported in several plants such as on lily (van den Bulk et al, 1992; Han et al, 1997), tulip (Tanaka and Ito, 1981 & 1982; van den Bulk et al, 1994), sunflower (Saji & Sujatha 1998), petunia (Mohan-Jain & Bhalla-Sharin 1996), Camelia japonica (Pedroso & Pais 1996). While in Araceae, especially in anthurium, its application was very limited. In Araceae, double haploid plant production was tried in Spatiphyllum via ovule culture (Eeckhaut et al, 2001), but number of double haploid plant produced was very low. Winarto and co-workers tried and initiated experiments in anther culture of anthurium in 2003. Two important points determined from the previous results were 1) two different calluses were regenerated from anther culture and 2) Modified Murashige and Miller
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